Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Relevant Sections
2.1. Pandemic Preparedness
2.2. Military Conflicts and the Lurking Economic Crisis
2.3. Climate Change and the Pitfalls of Globalization
2.4. Ageing and Frailty Worsened Due to Disrupted Functioning of the Healthcare System
2.5. Increasing Inequality through Previous Problems Further Worsened by COVID-19
3. Discussion
- A refugee crisis where, at the peak of exodus, around 8 million Ukrainians fled their country.
- An energy crisis through interruptions, bans on imports, and restrictive measures on gas and oil trade.
- A crisis regarding the provision of grain, which threatened primarily LMICs, and which was averted through an international agreement, showing some reason at these critical moments [45].
4. Future Directions
- A comprehensive approach to the whole health system’s pandemic preparedness.
- An adequate investment into human, physical, and infrastructural resources in order to adequately support the functioning of health systems under the conditions of a pandemic.
- A clear outline for the use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures.
- An agreement from the different governmental sectors on the key functioning of the society to be preserved.
- Concerted actions to manage the movement of a significant number of refugees.
- The addressing of energy and food policies that would be resilient to greater shocks.
- The addressing of migration flows in a comprehensive manner that would provide safe options for those most in need, while supporting the countries of origin to prevent ‘brain-drains’, which will further impoverish many LMICs.
- The addressing of migration flows which requires requires concerted action by all key international actors, including the IOM, the UNHCR, the WHO, and UNICEF.
- The facilitation of the spread of zoonoses and other infections due to global travel and global warming.
- The implementation of and strict adherence to the International Health Regulation (IHR) to mitigate the potential global spread of diseases.
- An increase in the preparedness for heat waves.
- The addressing of the potential loss of housing and income for populations living in coastal areas.
5. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Albreht, T. Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7633. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097633
Albreht T. Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7633. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097633
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbreht, Tit. 2023. "Challenges to Global Health Emerging from the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7633. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097633