Assessment of Sighted and Visually Impaired Users to the Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of an Oasis Settlement Urban Park
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodological Approach
2.1. Stage 1: Physical Dimensions Measurement
2.2. Stage 2: Field Surveys (Perceptual Characterization)
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physical Characterization of the Park
3.2. Perceptual Characterization of the Park
3.2.1. Emotional Salience of Sound
3.2.2. Evaluation of the Restorative Quality of The Park Environments
Components | Groups | Visually Impaired People | Sighted People | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PSP | MSP | PSP | MSP | |||
Items n. | Overall Meaning of the Items | (A) | (A) | (A) | (A) | |
Fascination | Item1 | Fascinating place | 9.29 (±2.17) | 9.11 (±1.99) | 9.65 (±0.61) | 9.60 (±1.09) |
Item2 | Interesting place | 8.18 (±2.81) | 8.69 (±2.89) | 8.65 (±2.03) | 9.00 (±2.32) | |
Item3 | Place hard to be bored | 7.41 (±3.22) | 8.60 (±2.81) | 8.47 (±2.16) | 8.86 (±2.39) | |
Being-Away | Item4 | Refuge from nuisances | 8.00 (±2.39) | 7.86 (±3.75) | 8.59 (±1.46) | 7.89 (±2.99) |
Item5 | Self-isolation | 7.18 (±3.39) | 6.86 (±4.08) | 6.53 (±3.43) | 8.60 (±1.75) | |
Item6 | Escaping responsibility | 5.94 (±3.49) | 6.00 (±4.36) | 7.94 (±2.73) | 5.86 (±4.09) | |
Coherence | Item7 | Good spatial arrangement | 6.65 (±2.83) | 6.14 (±3.94) | 8.35 (±1.66) | 8.71 (±2.09) |
Item8 | Physical arrangement of the place | 5.94 (±3.96) | 6.77 (±4.17) | 8.41 (±1.87) | 8.29 (±2.74) | |
Item9 | Tidy place | 7.59 (±1.94) | 8.20 (±3.09) | 8.53 (±1.88) | 7.80 (±2.74) | |
Scope | Item10 | Exploration in many directions | 6.88 (±3.32) | 8.14 (±3.18) | 9.18 (±1.29) | 9.54 (±0.85) |
Item11 | Few moving boundaries | 4.82 (±3.99) | 5.49 (±4.46) | 8.94 (±1.19) | 2.80 (±2.79) |
3.2.3. Analysis of the Semantic Differential Scale of Multivariable Evaluation of the Park Users
4. Conclusions and Discussion
4.1. Synthesizing the Findings
4.2. Strengths and Limitations of the Study
4.3. Implication on Practice and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Select for each descriptor below. the number (1—not at all to 7—extremely) based on how much the descriptor describes the sound you presently heard |
Pleasant |
Unpleasant |
Stimulating |
Boring |
Attractive |
Unattractive |
Select for each descriptor below. the number (1—not at all to 7—extremely) based on how much the descriptor describes your feeling toward the sound you presently heard |
Calm |
Nervous |
Weak |
Energetic |
Happy |
Sad |
Appendix B
Please read every sentence carefully and then evaluate on a scale from 0 (Not at all) to 10 (Very much) as each statement corresponds to your experience in this place. |
Places like that are fascinating |
In places like this my attention is drawn to many interesting things |
In places like this it is hard to be bored |
Places like that are a refuge from nuisances |
To get away from things that usually demand my attention I like to go to places like this |
To stop thinking about the things that I must get done I like to go to places like this |
There is a clear order in the physical arrangement of places like this. |
In places like this it is easy to see how things are organized. |
In places like this everything seems to have its proper place. |
That place is large enough to allow exploration in many directions |
In places like that there are few boundaries to limit my possibility for moving about. |
Appendix C
Questions about nature and type of vegetation (from 0—Not at all to 10—Very much) |
The Park is home to a variety of plants |
The land is rich in vegetation |
The grass is suitable for relaxing |
You can easily get in touch with nature |
Questions on thermal environment (from 0—Not at all to 10—Very much) |
The Park has areas shaded by plants |
I come to the park to stay cool |
The Park is sunny |
Questions on acoustic comfort (from 0—Not at all to 10—Very much) |
In the park you can hear the sounds of nature |
In the park you can hear a nice background music |
Inside the park. musicians or singers perform |
In some places you can hear the flow of water |
The Park is a quiet place |
In the park. the noise of vehicular traffic is absent |
In the park you can hear the children playing |
There are some parts of the park that are a bit noisy |
Objective questions (from 0—Not at all to 10—Very much) |
The paths in the park feature beautiful textures |
Water is used as an ornamental element |
The flooring is comfortable and you can walk comfortably |
There are enough places to sit |
The seats are comfortable |
In the park you can feel the scents of nature |
There are no particular smells in the park |
In the park you can smell bad smells caused by the presence of waste |
In the park there are bad smells caused by vehicular traffic |
Subjective questions (from 0—Not at all to 10—Very much) |
Inside the park I relax and stop to reflect |
In the park I can interact with other people |
In the park I do physical activity |
In the park I dedicate myself to artistic activities |
In the park I like to spend time with my family and with my loved ones |
I use the park for jogging or walking outdoors |
In the park I feel at peace and I am very well |
When I’m in the park I have a feeling of pleasure (I feel happy!) |
In this park I feel at ease and I feel connected to it |
I am attracted to this place. I will come again |
I feel safe in the park |
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Descriptive Statistics | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicators | Thermal Environment | Acoustic Environment | |||
SVF | MRT [°C] | PET [°C] | Leq [dB(A)] | NC [dB(A)] | |
Measurement Points Number | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Mean | 0.21 | 47.02 | 31.48 | 51.52 | 3.44 |
Std. Deviation | 0.15 | 4.031 | 3.50 | 2.91 | 2.30 |
Minimum | 0.040 | 40.80 | 25.50 | 46.54 | 0.21 |
Maximum | 0.56 | 55.00 | 37.60 | 57.51 | 8.03 |
ANOVA—FASC | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | p | η² | η²p | ω² |
Age | 53.877 | 1 | 53.877 | 21.568 | <0.001 | 0.171 | 0.177 | 0.162 |
Health condition | 9.819 | 1 | 9.819 | 3.931 | 0.050 | 0.031 | 0.038 | 0.023 |
Age ✻ Health condition | 2.031 | 1 | 2.031 | 0.813 | 0.369 | 0.006 | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Residuals | 249.800 | 100 | 2.498 |
Components | Code | Variables | Average (SIG and VIP) | SD | Mean Ranks (SIG) | Mean Ranks (VIP) | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nature and type of vegetation | NV1 | Plant variety | 9.39 | 1.28 | 72.37 | 66.03 | 0.251 |
NV3 | Vegetation riches | 9.24 | 1.48 | 72.37 | 66.04 | 0.276 | |
NV4 | Relaxation in the grass | 6.86 | 3.56 | 71.28 | 67.86 | 0.616 | |
NV5 | Touch with nature | 9.17 | 1.45 | 72.09 | 66.50 | 0.362 | |
Thermal environment | ThC1 | Shading of plants | 9.53 | 0.99 | 71.09 | 68.18 | 0.599 |
ThC2 | Cool state | 8.72 | 2.47 | 73.07 | 64.86 | 0.176 | |
ThC3 | Sunning | 6.4 | 3.62 | 70.32 | 69.46 | 0.900 | |
Acoustic comfort | AC1 | Natural sounds | 9 | 2.10 | 80.78 | 51.96 | 0.000 |
AC2 | Music in the background | 6.63 | 3.89 | 83.26 | 47.82 | 0.000 | |
AC3 | Singers’ Song | 3.96 | 3.70 | 73.51 | 64.13 | 0.178 | |
AC4 | Water flow sounds | 8.9 | 1.86 | 70.86 | 68.56 | 0.713 | |
AC5 | Quietness | 9.04 | 1.85 | 67.23 | 74.63 | 0.209 | |
AC6 | Absence of traffic noise | 6.26 | 4.02 | 65.01 | 78.35 | 0.051 | |
AC7 | Noise of children playing | 7.72 | 3.45 | 76.81 | 58.61 | 0.005 | |
AC8 | Noisy | 6.88 | 3.47 | 73.84 | 63.58 | 0.131 | |
Objective questions related to space | OQ1 | Beautiful textures | 8.6 | 2.36 | 69.82 | 70.31 | 0.94 |
OQ3 | Ornamental water | 9.25 | 1.78 | 68.86 | 71.90 | 0.582 | |
OQ5 | Walking Comfortable Floors | 8.62 | 2.36 | 62.76 | 82.12 | 0.002 | |
OQ6 | Seating areas | 7.26 | 2.62 | 76.86 | 58.52 | 0.008 | |
OQ9 | Comfortable seating | 6.76 | 2.95 | 78.86 | 55.18 | 0.001 | |
OQ10 | Scents from nature | 9.14 | 1.92 | 68.56 | 72.40 | 0.499 | |
OQ11 | Absence of particular smells | 5.64 | 3.99 | 63.18 | 81.41 | 0.009 | |
OQ12 | Bad smells from waste products | 1.95 | 3.08 | 72.43 | 65.94 | 0.330 | |
OQ13 | Bad smells from traffic | 1.61 | 2.76 | 71.52 | 67.46 | 0.524 | |
Subjective questions related to behavior | SQ1 | Relaxation and reflection | 8.2 | 2.85 | 66.21 | 76.34 | 0.116 |
SQ2 | Interaction with people | 8.91 | 2.18 | 68.34 | 72.77 | 0.444 | |
SQ3 | Physical activity | 7.29 | 3.50 | 64.79 | 78.71 | 0.041 | |
SQ4 | Artistic activity | 4.13 | 3.91 | 67.23 | 74.63 | 0.282 | |
SQ5 | Spending time with family and friends | 8.55 | 2.52 | 74.62 | 62.27 | 0.049 | |
SQ6 | Jogging and walking | 8.12 | 2.94 | 69.36 | 71.07 | 0.791 | |
SQ7 | Feeling of peace | 9.14 | 1.69 | 70.10 | 69.83 | 0.961 | |
SQ8 | Feeling of pleasure | 9.49 | 1.26 | 68.87 | 71.88 | 0.548 | |
SQ9 | Feeling of ease and connection to the park | 8.99 | 1.65 | 70.06 | 69.90 | 0.98 | |
SQ10 | The attraction | 9.28 | 1.53 | 67.57 | 74.06 | 0.257 | |
SQ11 | Feeling of security | 9.5 | 1.28 | 69.35 | 71.09 | 0.732 |
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Boucherit, S.; Maffei, L.; Masullo, M.; Berkouk, D.; Bouzir, T.A.K. Assessment of Sighted and Visually Impaired Users to the Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of an Oasis Settlement Urban Park. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087014
Boucherit S, Maffei L, Masullo M, Berkouk D, Bouzir TAK. Assessment of Sighted and Visually Impaired Users to the Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of an Oasis Settlement Urban Park. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087014
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoucherit, Samiha, Luigi Maffei, Massimiliano Masullo, Djihed Berkouk, and Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir. 2023. "Assessment of Sighted and Visually Impaired Users to the Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of an Oasis Settlement Urban Park" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 7014. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15087014