Research on Parking Recommendation Methods Considering Travelers’ Decision Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Survey of Sequential Parking Decision Behavior under Parking Recommendations
3.1. Design and Implementation of the Survey
- (1)
- Personal information of the travelers.
- (2)
- Travelers’ attention to factors influencing parking choice.
- (3)
- The individual psychological thresholds for the factors influencing parking choice.
- (4)
- Stated preference survey on sequential parking decision behaviors.
3.2. Graphic Characteristics and Differential Statistics of the Survey Data
- (1)
- Personal information.
- (2)
- Analysis of the travelers’ attention to the factors influencing parking choice.
- (3)
- Analysis of travelers’ psychological thresholds for the parking factors influencing parking choice.
- (4)
- Choice intention regarding the sequential parking decision process.
4. Parking Recommendation and Individual Parking Decision Process Models
4.1. Parking Recommendation Model
4.1.1. The Parking Recommendation Process, Considering Psychological Thresholds and Attention
4.1.2. Parking Recommendation Schemes That Consider the Interests of Travelers and Managers
4.2. Individual Parking Decision Process Model
5. Parking Simulation and Analysis in Different Parking Recommendation Schemes
5.1. Initial Settings of Parking Simulation
5.2. Analysis of Parking Simulation in Different Parking Recommendation Schemes
- (1)
- The dynamic change in parking occupancy under different parking recommendation schemes.
- (2)
- Evaluation of simulation results in different parking recommendation schemes.
5.3. Analysis of Simulation Results in Different Initial Parking Utilization States
- (1)
- Dynamic change in parking occupancy in different initial parking utilization.
- (2)
- Simulation results in different initial parking utilizations.
5.4. Analysis of Simulation Results for Different Parking Reservation Proportions
- (1)
- Dynamic change in the parking occupancy in different parking reservation proportions.
- (2)
- Simulation results in different parking reservation proportions.
5.5. Analysis of Simulation Results in Different Parking Regulation Thresholds
- (1)
- Dynamic change in parking occupancy in different parking regulation thresholds.
- (2)
- Simulation results in different parking regulation thresholds.
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Schemes | Adjustment Coefficient λ | Description | |
---|---|---|---|
Static parking recommendation | Scheme 1 | Parking recommended with the goal of maximizing the benefits of travelers. | |
Scheme 2 | Parking recommended with the goal of balancing parking resource utilization. | ||
Scheme 3 | Parking recommended based on the combined benefits of travelers and parking managers. | ||
Dynamic parking recommendation | Scheme 4 | is the average occupancy rate of the parking lots near the destination at time t. If is high, then the parking lot is recommended mainly based on the benefits of parking managers. If is low, then the parking recommendation is made mainly based on maximizing the benefits of travelers. | |
Scheme 5 | ; | is the median of the occupancy rates of the parking lots near the destination at time t. When is greater than , the parking regulation is triggered, and the parking recommendation is made based on the benefits of parking managers. When is less than or equal to , the parking lot is recommended with the goal of maximizing the benefits of the travelers. |
Parking Lots | Distance from the Parking Lot to the Destination, the Joy City (m) | The Number of Available Parking Spaces | Parking Price (CNY/h) |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | 60 | 20 | 10 |
P2 | 100 | 80 | 10 |
P3 | 250 | 80 | 8 |
P4 | 520 | 100 | 8 |
P5 | 600 | 100 | 5 |
Schemes | Indicators Related to Travelers (All/Parking Reservation Group/Non-Parking Reservation Group) | Indicators Related to Parking Manager | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction of Psychological Needs (%) | Average Walking Distance after Parking (m/Person) | Average Parking Fee (Including Reservation Fee) (CNY/Person) | Cumulative Parking Revenue (CNY) | |||
All Three Factors | Primary Concerned Factor | Secondary Concerned Factor | ||||
Scheme 1 | 71/74/66 | 84/85/83 | 82/84/80 | 267/262/273 | 24/24/24 | 28,961 |
Scheme 2 | 97/98/96 | 92/95/89 | 91/92/89 | 298/362/211 | 24/23/23 | 28,264 |
Scheme 3 | 97/98/96 | 92/95/89 | 91/92/89 | 294/359/209 | 24/23/24 | 28,309 |
Scheme 4 | 97/98/96 | 92/95/89 | 91/92/89 | 297/362/208 | 24/23/25 | 28,239 |
Scheme 5 | 92/92/91 | 91/92/87 | 89/90/88 | 287/331/227 | 24/23/24 | 28,499 |
Scenario | Indicators Related to Travelers (All/Parking Reservation Group/Non-Parking Reservation Group) | Indicators Related to Parking Manager | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction of Psychological Needs (%) | Average Walking Distance after Parking (m/Person) | Average Parking Fee (Including Reservation Fee) (CNY/Person) | Cumulative Parking Revenue (CNY) | |||
All Three Factors | Primary Concerned Factors | Secondary Concerned Factors | ||||
Initial settings | 92/92/91 | 91/92/87 | 89/90/88 | 287/331/227 | 24/23/24 | 28,499 |
Insufficient parking spaces | 93/94/91 | 91/94/87 | 90/91/88 | 300/364/213 | 24/23/24 | 28,170 |
Sufficient parking spaces | 87/90/84 | 89/91/87 | 88/89/86 | 261/276/239 | 24/25/24 | 29,034 |
Scenario | Indicators Related to Travelers (All/Parking Reservation Group/Non-Parking Reservation Group) | Indicators Related to Parking Manager | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction of Psychological Needs (%) | Average Walking Distance after Parking (m/Person) | Average Parking Fee (Including Reservation Fee) (CNY/Person) | Cumulative Parking Revenue (CNY) | |||
All Three Factors | Primary Concerned Factors | Secondary Concerned Factors | ||||
Initial settings | 92/92/91 | 91/92/87 | 89/90/88 | 287/331/227 | 24/23/24 | 28,499 |
Reservation Scenario 1 | 90/92/87 | 90/93/87 | 88/90/88 | 296/342/235 | 24/23/24 | 27,880 |
Reservation Scenario 2 | 89/92/85 | 89/93/85 | 88/90/86 | 292/340/231 | 24/23/24 | 27,513 |
Threshold to Start Parking Regulation | Indicators Related to Travelers (All/Parking Reservation Group/Non-Parking Reservation Group) | Indicators Related to Parking Manager | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Satisfaction of Psychological Needs (%) | Average Walking Distance after Parking (m/Person) | Average Parking Fee (Including Reservation Fee) (CNY/Person) | Cumulative Parking Revenue (CNY) | |||
All Three Factors | Primary Concerned Factors | Secondary Concerned Factors | ||||
Initial setting of 70% | 92/92/91 | 91/92/87 | 89/90/88 | 287/331/227 | 24/23/24 | 28,499 |
50% | 97/98/96 | 92/95/89 | 91/92/89 | 297/362/208 | 24/22/25 | 28,239 |
90% | 85/88/81 | 88/91/84 | 87/89/84 | 276/307/235 | 24/24/24 | 28,679 |
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Qin, H.; Xu, N.; Zhang, Y.; Pang, Q.; Lu, Z. Research on Parking Recommendation Methods Considering Travelers’ Decision Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6808. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086808
Qin H, Xu N, Zhang Y, Pang Q, Lu Z. Research on Parking Recommendation Methods Considering Travelers’ Decision Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6808. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086808
Chicago/Turabian StyleQin, Huanmei, Ning Xu, Yonghuan Zhang, Qianqian Pang, and Zhaolin Lu. 2023. "Research on Parking Recommendation Methods Considering Travelers’ Decision Behaviors and Psychological Characteristics" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6808. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086808