Innovative Design Method of Jet Grouting Systems for Sustainable Ground Improvements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. MPS-CAE Method
3. Jet Grouting System
3.1. Mud Drainage by Jet Grouting System
3.2. Quality Control Method and Issues of Improved Body by Jet Grouting Method
3.3. Application of the Bingham Fluid
4. Target, Conditions, and Material Parameters for Analysis
4.1. Analysis Target
4.2. Analysis Conditions
4.3. Material Parameters
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Reproduction of Improved Body Construction Condition
5.2. Comparison of Improved Body Diameters
5.3. Comparison of Upper, Middle, and Lower Parts of Improved Body
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- Case 2 of the ascending and descending method showed a higher particle number density, with the maximum density at the middle portion.
- (2)
- Case 2 produced a higher effective diameter, assuming an 80% mixing ratio as the benchmark.
- (3)
- Meanwhile, the mixing ratio throughout the height of the soil body improvement is lower, but uniform in Case 1 compared to Case 2.
- (4)
- The mud discharge was recreated in both cases, but there were no distinct changes in the amount of mud discharge, suggesting the success in the development of a more effective method than the traditional technique.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Rotation Speed (rpm) | Spray Volume (m3/min) | Rod Motion |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 20 | 0.09 | 1.5 m/min upward |
2 | 20 | 0.09 | 3 m/min upward |
3 m/min downward |
Density (kg/m3) | Plastic Viscosity (Pa·s) | Yield Value (Pa) | |
---|---|---|---|
Cement milk | 1600 | 0.28 | 0 |
Ground | 2300 | 200 | 100,000 |
Case | Volume of Area (m3) | 13.5 | 9.375 | 6 | 3.375 | 1.5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Number of particles of cement milk | 2265 | 2239 | 1924 | 1434 | 921 |
Number of ground particles | 8049 | 7276 | 4684 | 2265 | 694 | |
Total particle numbers | 10,314 | 9515 | 6608 | 3699 | 1615 | |
Density of number of particles (number/m3) | 168 | 239 | 320 | 424 | 614 | |
2 | Number of particles of cement milk | 7114 | 7027 | 6275 | 4401 | 1832 |
Number of ground particles | 11,936 | 9448 | 3923 | 1011 | 259 | |
Total particle numbers | 19,048 | 16,475 | 10,198 | 5411 | 2091 | |
Particle number density (number/m3) | 527 | 750 | 1045 | 1304 | 1211 |
Case | Apart from Central Axis (m) | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Number of particles | Cement milk | 173 | 163 | 122 | 38 | 15 |
Ground | 4 | 13 | 59 | 147 | 165 | ||
Total | 177 | 179 | 181 | 185 | 180 | ||
Mixture ratio of improved body (%) | 97.7 | 91.1 | 67.4 | 20.5 | 8.3 | ||
2 | Number of particles | Cement milk | 193 | 167 | 225 | 169 | 68 |
Ground | 13 | 13 | 42 | 106 | 250 | ||
Total | 205 | 180 | 267 | 275 | 318 | ||
Mixture ratio of improved body (%) | 93.7 | 92.8 | 84.3 | 61.5 | 21.4 |
Case | Portion | Upper | Middle | Lower | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Number of particles | Cement milk | 156 | 165 | 167 |
Ground | 73 | 67 | 56 | ||
Total | 229 | 232 | 223 | ||
Density of number of particles (number/m3) | 68 | 71 | 75 | ||
2 | Number of particles | Cement milk | 330 | 383 | 342 |
Ground | 73 | 18 | 61 | ||
Total | 403 | 401 | 403 | ||
Density of number of particles (number/m3) | 82 | 96 | 85 |
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Shakya, S.; Inazumi, S.; Chao, K.C.; Wong, R.K.N. Innovative Design Method of Jet Grouting Systems for Sustainable Ground Improvements. Sustainability 2023, 15, 5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065602
Shakya S, Inazumi S, Chao KC, Wong RKN. Innovative Design Method of Jet Grouting Systems for Sustainable Ground Improvements. Sustainability. 2023; 15(6):5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065602
Chicago/Turabian StyleShakya, Sudip, Shinya Inazumi, Kuo Chieh Chao, and Ricky K. N. Wong. 2023. "Innovative Design Method of Jet Grouting Systems for Sustainable Ground Improvements" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065602
APA StyleShakya, S., Inazumi, S., Chao, K. C., & Wong, R. K. N. (2023). Innovative Design Method of Jet Grouting Systems for Sustainable Ground Improvements. Sustainability, 15(6), 5602. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065602