Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Shanghai Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Data Background
3. Research Methods
3.1. Spatial Interpolation Method
3.2. Sludge Heavy Metal Pollution Index Method
3.3. Potential Ecological Risk Assessment Method of Heavy Metals in Sludge
4. Simulation and Results Analysis
4.1. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Sludge
4.2. Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution of Sludge
4.3. Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minimum Heavy Metal | Minimum | Maximum | Weighted Average |
---|---|---|---|
Cd | 0.55 | 22.24 | 1.59 |
Cr | 25.40 | 357.50 | 110.60 |
Hg | 0.70 | 21.88 | 3.12 |
Ni | 10.36 | 381.33 | 51.25 |
Pb | 16.87 | 190.80 | 41.26 |
As | 9.69 | 239.28 | 21.02 |
Cu | 79.48 | 1383.33 | 278.33 |
Zn | 258.00 | 2970.00 | 709.70 |
Ni | Cu | Zn | Cr | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental quality | 100 | 500 | 1200 | 500 | 300 | 3 | 3 | 30 |
Grade Classification | Pollution Index | Comprehensive Pollution Index | Pollution Grade |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Security | ||
2 | Alert level | ||
3 | Light pollution | ||
4 | Moderate pollution | ||
5 | Severe pollution |
Ni | Cu | Zn | Cr | Pb | Cd | Hg | As | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heavy metal toxicity response factor | 5 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 30 | 40 | 10 |
Heavy metal evaluation reference values | 40 | 30 | 80 | 60 | 25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 15 |
Degree of Potential Ecological Risk | ||
---|---|---|
Low | ||
Mid | ||
High | ||
Very high | ||
Strongly high |
Sewage Treatment Plant | Comprehensive Pollution Index | Pollution Level |
---|---|---|
Langxia, Zhuyuan 2, Zhujiajiao, Fengting, Hongqiao, Fengjing, Qingpu, Xinjiang, Songshen, and Xingta. | Safety | |
Jinze, Jiadingdazhong, Shangta, Changqiao, Minhang, Bailonggang, Zhuyuan 1, Xicen | Alert level | |
Baihe, Changxing, Songjiang east, Shidongkou, Fengxian west, Lingang new city, Qingpu 2, Xujing, Liugang, Anting, Xinhua, Songjiang, and Wusong. | Mild pollution | |
Jiading north, Baozhen, Chenjiazhen, Fengxian east, Nanhui seashore, Yexie, Xinbang, Chengqiao | Moderate pollution | |
Nanxiang, Dongqu, Liantang, Songjiang west, and Xinhe. | Heavy pollution |
Sewage Treatment Plant | Pollution Level | |
---|---|---|
Low | ||
Shangta, Xingta | Mid | |
Xujing, Huaxin, Xicen, Xinhe, Songjiang, Zhuyuan 2, Nanxiang, Baihe, Nanhui seashore, Chenjiazhen, Fengting, Qingpu, Baozhen, Jiadingdazhong, Zhujiajiao, Hongqiao, Langxia, Xinjiang, Chengqiao, Fengjing, and Songshen. | High | |
Xinbang, Lingang new city, Wusong, Jiading north, Yexie, Anting, Jinze, Changqiao, Qingpu 2, Fengxian west, Songjiang east, Zhuyuan 1, Bailonggang, Minhang, Liugang, and Changxing. | Very high | |
Dongqu, Songjiang west, Liantang, Fengxian east, and Shidongkou. | Strongly high |
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Zhang, J.; Xu, X. Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Shanghai Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study. Sustainability 2023, 15, 3465. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043465
Zhang J, Xu X. Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Shanghai Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2023; 15(4):3465. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043465
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jinling, and Xu Xu. 2023. "Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sludge of Shanghai Sewage Treatment Plant: A Case Study" Sustainability 15, no. 4: 3465. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043465