The Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere on Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Customer Loyalty
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere
3. Methodology
3.1. Sample and Fieldwork
3.2. Measurements
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects of the Structural Model
5. Discussion
5.1. Implications and Limitations
5.1.1. Theorical Implications
5.1.2. Managerial Implications
5.1.3. Limitations and Future Research Lines
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Construct | Item | Measurement Items | References |
---|---|---|---|
Biophilic atmosphere | BA1 | [The shopping mall has natural spaces or settings] | [13] |
BA2 | [Considers the shopping mall has environments with vegetation] | ||
BA3 | [There is a wealth of eco-environmental resources in the shopping mall in the form of plants, water fountains, green areas and other natural elements.] | ||
BA4 | [The shopping mall used architecture with natural resources] | ||
Hedonic value | HV1 | [I always visit said shopping mall to relieve tension and negative emotions] | [32] |
HV2 | [I am excited about walking in that shopping mall] | ||
HV3 | [I feel happy with the variety of products in the shopping mall] | ||
HV4 | [It is fun to be in that shopping mall] | ||
HV5 | [I feel happy to go to that shopping mall] | ||
Utilitarian value | UV1 | [Said shopping mall is a place for effortless shopping] | [32] |
UV2 | [The shopping mall may satisfy everyone in the family when they visit it] | ||
UV3 | [Each member of the family can find what they want in that shopping mall] | ||
UV4 | [I prefer to buy in that shopping mall because it has an array of supply and activities to satisfy everyone in the family] | ||
UV5 | [I prefer to shop in that shopping mall because it has a variety of stores and products to satisfy the needs of everyone in the family] | ||
Customer loyalty | CL1 | [I will recommend that shopping mall to other people] | [25] |
CL2 | [In the future, I will be loyal to this shopping mall] | ||
CL3 | [This shopping mall will be my first option in the future] | ||
CL4 | [I will prefer to visit this shopping mall compared to others in the competition] |
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Item | Factor Loading | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | |
HV2 | 0.862 | |||
HV3 | 0.801 | |||
HV5 | 0.795 | |||
HV4 | 0.784 | |||
HV1 | 0.779 | |||
UV2 | 0.843 | |||
UV3 | 0.841 | |||
UV5 | 0.785 | |||
UV4 | 0.733 | |||
UB1 | 0.640 | |||
BA2 | 0.899 | |||
BA3 | 0.860 | |||
BA1 | 0.858 | |||
BA4 | 0.840 | |||
CL1 | 0.795 | |||
CL2 | 0.786 | |||
CL3 | 0.722 | |||
CL4 | 0.714 |
CA | CR | AVE | Correlation Matrix. Fornell-Larcker Criterion | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(BA) | (HV) | (UV) | (CL) | ||||
Biophilic atmosphere (BA) | 0.897 | 0.902 | 0.698 | 0.836 | |||
Hedonic value (HV) | 0.901 | 0.923 | 0.706 | 0.207 | 0.840 | ||
Utilitarian value (UV) | 0.879 | 0.909 | 0.671 | 0.334 | 0.521 | 0.819 | |
Customer loyalty (CL) | 0.851 | 0.885 | 0.659 | 0.252 | 0.647 | 0.707 | 0.812 |
Relationships | Estimate | S.E. | S.C. | p | Hypothesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biophilic Atmosphere | ---> | Hedonic Value | 0.175 | 0.058 | 3.026 | 0.001 | Accept H1a |
Biophilic Atmosphere | ---> | Utilitarian Value | 0.220 | 0.050 | 4.404 | 0.001 | Accept H1b |
Hedonic Value | ---> | Utilitarian Value | 0.532 | 0.070 | 7.630 | 0.001 | Accept H2 |
Hedonic Value | ---> | Customer Loyalty | 0.269 | 0.048 | 5.587 | 0.001 | Accept H3a |
Utilitarian Value | ---> | Customer Loyalty | 0.351 | 0.042 | 8.308 | 0.001 | Accept H3b |
Biophilic Atmosphere | ---> | Customer Loyalty | 0.004 | 0.029 | 0.124 | 0.901 | Declined H4 |
Model’s Variables | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|
(1) Biophilic Atmosphere | T = 0.198 | T = 0.328 | T = 0.234 |
D = 0.198 | D = 0.231 | D = 0.005 | |
I = 0.000 | I = 0.098 * | I = 0.229 ** | |
(2) Hedonic Value | T = 0.494 | T = 0.584 | |
D = 0.494 | D = 0.347 | ||
I = 0.000 | I = 0.241 ** | ||
(3) Utilitarian Value | T = 0.488 | ||
D = 0.488 | |||
I = 0.000 | |||
(4) Customer Loyalty |
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Ortegón-Cortázar, L.; Royo-Vela, M. The Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere on Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Customer Loyalty. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316435
Ortegón-Cortázar L, Royo-Vela M. The Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere on Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Customer Loyalty. Sustainability. 2023; 15(23):16435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316435
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrtegón-Cortázar, Leonardo, and Marcelo Royo-Vela. 2023. "The Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere on Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Customer Loyalty" Sustainability 15, no. 23: 16435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316435
APA StyleOrtegón-Cortázar, L., & Royo-Vela, M. (2023). The Effects of the Biophilic Atmosphere on Hedonic Value, Utilitarian Value, and Customer Loyalty. Sustainability, 15(23), 16435. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316435