Deconcentration of Industrial Activity as a Constituent of Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-Socialist City: A Case Study of Wroclaw, Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Research Design
3. Results
3.1. Dynamics of Spatial Distribution
3.2. Dynamics of Industrial Entities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The significant deconcentration of industrial activity commenced after 1989, resulting in substantial shifts in industry distribution across the city–suburban zone;
- The peak of these changes occurred in the 1990s, driven more by the decline of unprofitable industrial activities within the city [15] than by a deliberate deconcentration strategy;
- The requirements for industry deconcentration began to gain importance in the economic and spatial policies of CEE countries only in the late 1990s [62], leading to the gradual implementation of the idea of sustainable urban development;
- The processes of industrial deconcentration in post-socialist cities are ongoing, although not at the same scale as in earlier years.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Area | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | 1980s–2020s | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Number) | (Number) | (%) | ||||||
Suburban zone | Czernica | 0 | 2 | 7 | 8 | 8 | +8 | - |
Dlugoleka | 6 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 13 | +7 | +116.7 | |
Katy Wroclawskie | 2 | 3 | 8 | 16 | 18 | +16 | +800.0 | |
Kobierzyce | 5 | 12 | 18 | 11 | 13 | +8 | +160.0 | |
Miekinia | 3 | 6 | 20 | 27 | 31 | +28 | +933.3 | |
Oborniki Slaskie | 3 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | +4 | +133.3 | |
Siechnice | 6 | 10 | 18 | 20 | 20 | +14 | +233.3 | |
Wisznia Mala | 1 | 3 | 6 | 6 | 6 | +5 | +500.0 | |
Zorawina | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 7 | +7 | - | |
City of Wroclaw | Fabryczna | 39 | 48 | 27 | 29 | 32 | −7 | −17.9 |
Krzyki | 48 | 60 | 19 | 18 | 19 | −29 | −60.4 | |
Psie Pole | 37 | 58 | 20 | 19 | 19 | −18 | −48.6 | |
Stare Miasto | 8 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 5 | −3 | −37.5 | |
Srodmiescie | 4 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 2 | −2 | −50.0 | |
suburban zone | 26 | 53 | 101 | 108 | 123 | +97 | +373.1 | |
city of Wroclaw | 136 | 184 | 73 | 73 | 77 | −59 | −43.4 | |
total | 162 | 237 | 174 | 181 | 200 | +38 | +23.5 |
Area | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | 1980s–2020s | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ha) | (ha) | (%) | ||||||
Suburban zone | Czernica | 0.0 | 2.0 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 12.7 | +12.7 | - |
Dlugoleka | 30.4 | 45.1 | 69.7 | 78.8 | 79.8 | +49.4 | +162.3 | |
Katy Wroclawskie | 19.7 | 24.5 | 39.6 | 102.7 | 140.7 | +120.9 | +612.4 | |
Kobierzyce | 29.0 | 61.9 | 290.1 | 286.5 | 288.7 | +259.8 | +897.0 | |
Miekinia | 9.8 | 19.1 | 72.9 | 83.3 | 102.0 | +92.2 | +940.1 | |
Oborniki Slaskie | 6.3 | 7.2 | 15.8 | 4.4 | 25.0 | +18.7 | +296.4 | |
Siechnice | 46.7 | 50.4 | 81.0 | 136.9 | 136.7 | +90.0 | +192.9 | |
Wisznia Mala | 1.9 | 4.1 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 7.9 | +6.0 | +319.2 | |
Zorawina | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.9 | 28.1 | 54.5 | +54.5 | - | |
City of Wroclaw | Fabryczna | 489.9 | 493.8 | 251.2 | 277.9 | 293.3 | −196.6 | −40.1 |
Krzyki | 283.4 | 315.3 | 145.2 | 144.4 | 145.2 | −138.2 | −48.8 | |
Psie Pole | 355.5 | 426.4 | 338.2 | 375.5 | 375.5 | +20.0 | +5.6 | |
Stare Miasto | 107.7 | 76.6 | 43.8 | 43.9 | 43.9 | −63.8 | −59.2 | |
Srodmiescie | 129.8 | 130.6 | 52.6 | 52.6 | 19.9 | −109.9 | −84.7 | |
suburban zone | 143.8 | 214.3 | 608.1 | 741.3 | 848.0 | +704.2 | +489.8 | |
city of Wroclaw | 1366.2 | 1441.0 | 830.8 | 894.3 | 877.8 | −488.5 | −35.8 | |
total | 1510.0 | 1655.3 | 1439.0 | 1635.7 | 1725.8 | +215.8 | +14.3 |
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Sikorski, D.; Kryczka, P. Deconcentration of Industrial Activity as a Constituent of Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-Socialist City: A Case Study of Wroclaw, Poland. Sustainability 2023, 15, 14980. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014980
Sikorski D, Kryczka P. Deconcentration of Industrial Activity as a Constituent of Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-Socialist City: A Case Study of Wroclaw, Poland. Sustainability. 2023; 15(20):14980. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014980
Chicago/Turabian StyleSikorski, Dominik, and Piotr Kryczka. 2023. "Deconcentration of Industrial Activity as a Constituent of Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-Socialist City: A Case Study of Wroclaw, Poland" Sustainability 15, no. 20: 14980. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014980
APA StyleSikorski, D., & Kryczka, P. (2023). Deconcentration of Industrial Activity as a Constituent of Sustainable Urban Development in a Post-Socialist City: A Case Study of Wroclaw, Poland. Sustainability, 15(20), 14980. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014980