Uses of Bamboo for Sustainable Construction—A Structural and Durability Perspective—A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Density
2.2. Moisture Content
3. Mechanical Properties
3.1. Compressive Strength
3.2. Tensile Strength
3.3. Flexural Strength
3.4. Buckling
3.5. Shear Strength
4. Cross-Laminated Bamboo
5. Connections
6. Preservation
6.1. Oil-Heated Treatment
6.2. Borax Solution
6.3. Water Soaking
7. Discussion
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Species | Average Specific Gravity |
---|---|---|
Chung and Yu [1] | Bambusa pervariabili | 0.708 |
Phyllostachya pubescens | 0.794 | |
Kamthai and Puthson [18] | Dendrocalamus asper | 0.725 |
Moroz et al. [19] | Arundinaria amabilis | 1.100 |
Nagarnaik et al. [20] | Dendrocalmus strictus | 0.799 |
Fabiani [21] | Phyllostachys edulis | 0.765 |
Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens | 0.805 | |
Unnikrishnan and Shastry [22] | Not mentioned | 0.731 |
Trujillo et al. [23] | Guadua angustifolia | 0.669 |
Parasuram and Baskaran [24] | Bambusa vulgaris | 0.700 |
Bahtiar et al. [25] | Guadua angustifolia | 0.564 |
Correal [6] | Dendrocalamus strictus | 0.64 |
Guadua angustifolia | 0.68 | |
Phyllostachys edulis | 0.79 | |
Nugroho et al. [15] | Bambusa vulgaris | 0.698 |
Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae | 0.576 | |
Dendrocalamus asper | 0.640 | |
Gigantochloa atroviolacea | 0.626 | |
Gigantochloa apus | 0.642 | |
Iswanto et al. [26] | Gigantochloa pruriens | 0.593 |
Study & Country | Species | Type of Preservation | Moisture Content % | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Flexural Strength (MPa) | Youngs Modulus (GPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chandrakeerthy [12] (Sri Lanka) | Bambusa vulgaris | Seasoning | 30 | 29.33 | 89.91 | 53.88 | 18.57 |
Chung and Yu [1] (China) | Bambusa pervariabili | Air drying | 5–20 | 69 | - | 82 | 9.3 |
Phyllostachya pubescens | 5–30 | 75 | - | 88 | 9.4 | ||
Mahzuz et al. [37] (Bangladesh) | Bambusa balcooa | - | - | - | 92.84 | - | 6.26 |
Sabbir et al. [38] (Bangladesh) | - | Untreated | - | - | 117.1 | - | 51.4 |
Sakaray et al. [35] (India) | Bambusa vulgaris | Seasoning and applying a waterproof coating | - | 108.2 | 121.0 | - | 15.00 |
Parasuram and Baskaran [24] (Sri Lanka) | Bambusa vulgaris | Air seasoning and applying wood preservatives | 13.3 | - | 90.0 | - | 9.92 |
Fabiani [21] (Italy) | Phyllostachys edulis | - | 43.7 | 55.70 | 126.7 | 97.3 | 13.21 |
Phyllostachys viridiglaucescens | 24.9 | 56.8 | 159.0 | - | - | ||
Bhonde et al. [20] (India) | Dendrocalmus strictus | Untreated | 6.92 | 78.03 | 95.78 | - | - |
Awalluddin et al. [36] (Malayasia) | Dendrocalamus asper | Boric acid treatment | 15.9–18.4 | 73.65 | 232.8 | - | 20.00 |
Bambusa vulgaris | 14.0–19.2 | 78.74 | 231.67 | - | - | ||
Gigantochloa scortechinii | 15.6–18.1 | 68.62 | 187.67 | - | - | ||
Schizos tachyum grande | 16.9–19.6 | 40.03 | 149.20 | - | - | ||
Nugroho et al. [39] (Indonesia) | Gigantochloa apus | Air drying | 16.9 | - | - | 67.3 | 17.95 |
Nugroho et al. [15] (Indonesia) | Bambusa vulgaris | Conditioning using a fan in an indoor environment | 15.3 | - | - | 40.05 | - |
Gigantochloa pseudoarundinaceae | 16.7 | - | - | 63.98 | 10.46 | ||
Dendrocalamus asper | 14.4 | - | - | 99.74 | 18.00 | ||
Gigantochloa atroviolacea | 15.9 | - | - | 91.87 | - | ||
Gigantochloa apus | 16.9 | - | - | 76.9 | 15.68 |
Species | Tensile Strains | Effective Modulus (MPa) | Young’s Modulus (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inner | Outer | Inner | Outer | Inner | Outer | ||
Phyllostachys edulis | 0.014–0.035 | 0.008–0.0019 | 1209–2983 | 30% Lower than the outer | 1976–4694 | 39.9 | 14.5 |
Phyllostachys bambusoides | 796–1694 | 17.6 | 30.5 | ||||
Phyllostachys iridescens | 16.9 | 23.2 | |||||
Phyllostachys violascens | 24.1 | 22.6 | |||||
Guadua angustifolia | 931–1148 | 17.6 | 30.5 |
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Madhushan, S.; Buddika, S.; Bandara, S.; Navaratnam, S.; Abeysuriya, N. Uses of Bamboo for Sustainable Construction—A Structural and Durability Perspective—A Review. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411137
Madhushan S, Buddika S, Bandara S, Navaratnam S, Abeysuriya N. Uses of Bamboo for Sustainable Construction—A Structural and Durability Perspective—A Review. Sustainability. 2023; 15(14):11137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411137
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadhushan, Sumeera, Samith Buddika, Sahan Bandara, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, and Nandana Abeysuriya. 2023. "Uses of Bamboo for Sustainable Construction—A Structural and Durability Perspective—A Review" Sustainability 15, no. 14: 11137. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411137