A Traceability Framework to Enable Circularity in the Built Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- RQ1: What are the main traceability standards, guidelines, and strategies to enable circularity in the built asset industry?
- RQ2: How can these standards, guidelines, and strategies be structured and linked through an integrated approach for future studies and implementations?
2. Background
2.1. Circular Economy in the Built Environment
- Buildings As Material Banks (BAMB): this MP describes data and their implementation strategies in the built environment. All necessary information about materials and products pertaining to CE is hierarchically categorized into several levels (Figure 1) such as material properties, certifications, logistics, etc. The project has also established a digital platform which connects individual components of the buildings by displaying their uses and values in the marketplace [31].
- 3XN Architects: this MP provides guidelines to collect CE data across a building’s lifecycle stages. The collected data need to be linked to a database enabling traceability of all building components and parts with their technical and functional specifications [37].
- Madaster: this project frames MP data based on the building’s layers (e.g., structure, skin, services, etc.). The MP also provides circularity indicators to calculate the amount of virgin, recycled, reused, and renewable materials that are incorporated within a building. Madaster’s cloud platform can connect to Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based models and allows users to create and develop a unique passport for buildings or objects [38].
2.2. Concept of Traceability across Domains
2.3. Traceability in the Built Asset Industry
2.4. Summary of Research Gaps
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Adoption of a Traceability Reference Model
- Why are we tracing: refers to the purposes and drivers of traceability to all stakeholders. The framework should cover specific needs and goals of stakeholders and provide a rationale for why traceability is necessary in each case. Some possible drivers for traceability include improving quality control, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements, increasing transparency and accountability, supporting sustainability and environmental goals, and reducing risk and liability in specifying, procuring, installing, and reusing or recycling products and materials.
- What are we tracing: refers to the materials, products, or systems that require traceability and the data elements that need to be traced for each item. Determining what needs to be traced can be influenced by various factors, such as regulatory requirements, project-specific requirements, and stakeholder needs.
- How are we tracing: refers to the strategies and enablers that are used to trace and manage data and how stakeholders are involved in the process. The framework should provide guidance on how data are captured, managed, and shared and how stakeholders can access and use the data.
- Who is tracing: refers to the stakeholders responsible for implementing and maintaining traceability and how they can contribute to and benefit from the traceability efforts. This includes various stakeholders involved in the built asset industry, such as designers, manufacturers, suppliers, contractors, and owners. The framework should also provide guidance on the roles and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the traceability process.
- When are we tracing: refers to the specific stages or chains of the asset’s lifecycle when traceability is necessary, as well as any time constraints or deadlines that may apply. For example, traceability may be necessary during the design and planning stage to ensure that the specified materials and components meet the required specifications and standards. It may also be necessary during the construction stage to ensure that the specified materials and components are actually installed in the building, and that they meet the required quality standards.
3.2. Developing the Traceability Framework
4. A Traceability Framework for the Built Asset Industry
4.1. Why: The Importance of the Sustainable Development
4.2. What: The Main Data Types Enabling Traceability
4.3. When: The Role of Traceability across Lifecycle Stages
4.4. Who: Effective Collaboration and Coordination
- Shared vision and objectives: develop a shared vision and set of objectives for the traceability project that align with the CE goals of all stakeholders involved [100].
- Communication and information sharing: foster open and effective communication channels and process knowledge management between stakeholders and share relevant information about the traceability project and its progress [98].
- Incentives and benefits: identify and communicate the incentives and benefits that arise from the successful implementation of traceability, such as improved efficiency, cost savings, and enhanced reputation for all project members [101].
- Continuous improvement and evaluation: continuously evaluate the traceability system and its impact on CE goals and use the feedback to improve the system and increase stakeholder buy-in [104].
4.5. How: Traceability Enablers and Drivers
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref | Definition | Context | Year |
---|---|---|---|
[46] | “The ability to trace the history, application, or location of an entity by means of recorded identifications”. | ISO8402 | 1994 |
[41] | “The ability to access any or all information relating to that which is under consideration, throughout its e tire lifecycle, by means of recorded identifications”. | Food industry | 2018 |
[47] | “Client requirements have to be presented in a manner that will facilitate: (…) [t]he traceability of design decisions to original requirements throughout the life cycle of the facility”. | AEC 1 | 2000 |
[48] | “Traceability involves knowing where the product or raw material comes from, real-time location throughout the supply chain, and its conditions regarding pre-set quality at each stage of the roadmap”. | AEC | 2021 |
[13] | “The ability to follow information related to a product through its supply chain” (p. 3) providing a number of uses: quality and safety, minimizing scandals that damage company reputations, improved supply chains, and enhancing trust”. | AEC | 2017 |
Model | Description | Ref |
---|---|---|
Physical traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing physical products, such as food and manufacturing products, through the supply chain. | [52,53,54] |
Information traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing the flow of information, such as data and records, within the supply chain. | [55,56,57,58] |
Genetic traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing the genetic makeup of biological products, such as seeds, livestock, and crops. | [59,60,61] |
Process traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing the processes and steps involved in the production of products, such as manufacturing processes and quality control procedures. | [62,63] |
Event traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing specific events or activities, such as deliveries, shipments, and product recalls. | [64,65,66] |
Systemic traceability | This model is focused on tracking and tracing the interactions and relationships between different elements within the supply chain, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and consumers. | [67,68] |
Hybrid traceability | This model combines elements of different traceability models to provide a comprehensive and integrated traceability system. | [69,70,71] |
Participant ID | Professional Background | Interest | Educational Level |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Project manager | Environmental management—sustainable development. | Master’s |
2 | Project consultant | Construction materials—sustainable development—energy efficiency. | Diploma |
3 | Senior director and consultant | Technology research (chemistry and materials) and sustainable innovation. | Ph.D. |
4 | Professor | Construction materials—lifecycle assessment. | Ph.D. |
5 | Project director | Traceability systems for contaminated soils. | Bachelor’s |
6 | Marketing director | Traceability and transparency along the supply chain—traceability solutions for natural resources and environment. | Bachelor’s |
7 | Engineer | Evaluation of carbon reduction and circular economy strategies—life cycle assessment and circularity concepts. | Bachelor’s |
8 | Project consultant | CRD waste management—sustainable development | Master’s |
9 | Construction consultant | Sustainability metrics—sustainable business development | Master’s |
10 | BIM specialist | BIM—information requirement management research/improvement initiatives | Master’s |
11 | Architectural designer | BIM management—raw and residual materials—traceability solutions | Diploma |
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Davari, S.; Jaberi, M.; Yousfi, A.; Poirier, E. A Traceability Framework to Enable Circularity in the Built Environment. Sustainability 2023, 15, 8278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108278
Davari S, Jaberi M, Yousfi A, Poirier E. A Traceability Framework to Enable Circularity in the Built Environment. Sustainability. 2023; 15(10):8278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108278
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavari, Saman, Meisam Jaberi, Adam Yousfi, and Erik Poirier. 2023. "A Traceability Framework to Enable Circularity in the Built Environment" Sustainability 15, no. 10: 8278. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108278