Methodology for Determining Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators for Buildings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Importance of Water Management
2.2. The Use of Digital Technologies in Water Management
2.3. BIM–IoT Integration in Facility Management (FM)
2.4. Sustainable FM
2.5. Shewhart Control Charts
2.6. Corelated Works
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Rigor Cycle
3.1.1. Activity Categorization (I)
3.1.2. Data Capture (II)
3.1.3. Shewhart Chart (III)
3.1.4. Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators (IV)
- High-consumption range—values above the UCL indicated excessive water consumption.
- Standard-consumption range—values between the UCL and the LCL indicated consumption within the standard range.
- Atypical-consumption range—values below the LCL indicated unexpectedly low consumption, which should be analyzed (e.g., closed store).
3.1.5. Water Management Functionalities (V)
3.2. Design Cycle
4. Contributions of the Methodology Embedded in AquaBIM for Sustainable Management
4.1. Determination of Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators
4.2. Identification of Temporal Patterns of Consumption
4.3. AQUA-HQE Sustainability Certification
4.4. Interactive Management of Building Facilities with BIM
4.5. Management Reports
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Function (Analysis) | Type of Function (Analysis) | Water Management Tools | Graphic Presentation |
---|---|---|---|
For individual stores | Current (in the month) | For the accumulated in the month | Chart |
Historic | For evolution in a quarter | Chart | |
On a global scale of the building (by activity category) | Current (in the month) | For the accumulated in the month | Chart |
Historic | For the month | Chart | |
By activity category | Current (on the day) | For the current day | Chart |
Current (in the month) | For the accumulated in the month | Chart | |
Historic (set day) | To date set | Chart | |
Historic (month defined) | For chosen month | Chart | |
Reports | Yearly | Global consumption | Chart |
Yearly | Consumption by categories | Chart | |
Yearly | Consumption analysis | Spreadsheet | |
Yearly | Consumption analysis | Spreadsheet |
Activity Categories | Description |
---|---|
Bars | Retail business establishment that serves alcoholic beverages (beer, cocktails), soft drinks, and snack foods |
Hair Salon/Barber shop | Hair salon or barber shop |
Craft | Craft shop |
Dairy | Dairy stores (Milk products, especially handmade regional cheeses) |
Dried foods | Assorted food store (Chocolate, flour, cookies, nuts, etc.) |
Drinks | Bottled industrialized beverages shop (cachaças) |
Flower shop | Flower shop |
Groceries | Retail shop that primarily sells food, either fresh or preserved and assorted non-food products |
Herbs | Medicinal herb shop |
Horticulture | Fresh fruits and vegetables shop |
Houseware | Housewares shop (Small household items such as kitchen utensils, tableware, and decorative objects) |
Industrialized | Assorted manufactured products (cleaning products, packaging, religious articles...) |
Pets | Pet shops |
Meat market | Meat, poultry, fish |
Restaurants | Small restaurants and snack bars |
Spices | Spice shop (Cinnamon, paprika, oregano, chili, etc.) |
Supplements | Nutritional supplements shop |
Activity Categories | Sustainable Water Consumption Indicator (L/m2/Month) |
---|---|
Bars | 1402 |
Hair salon/ Barber shop | 239 |
Craft | 41 |
Dairy | 553 |
Dried foods | 182 |
Drinks | 114 |
Flower shop | 183 |
Grocery | 154 |
Herbs | 148 |
Horticulture | 758 |
Houseware | 84 |
Industrialized | 50 |
Pets | 437 |
Meat Market | 1027 |
Restaurants | 1261 |
Spices | 256 |
Supplements | 94 |
Atypical | Standard | High | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | UCL 1 (L/m2) | Consumption (L/m2) | Consumption (L) | IGC 2 % | SWI 3 (L/m2) | Consumption (L/m2) | Consumption (L) | IGC 2 (%) | LCL 4 (L/m2) | Consumption (L/m2) | Consumption (L) | IGC 2 (%) |
Bars | ≤774 | 696,051 | 818,203 | 3.4 | 1402 | 1206 | 1911,091 | 7.9 | ≥2031 | 3178 | 1,070,870 | 4.4 |
Hair salon/ Barber shop | 0 | 301,888 | 0 | 0.0 | 239 | 198 | 212,995 | 0.9 | ≥554 | 456 | 32,857 | 0.1 |
Craf | ≤22 | 32,857 | 22,199 | 0.1 | 41 | 38 | 35,662 | 0.1 | ≥59 | 229 | 696,051 | 2.9 |
Dairy | ≤402 | 1,560,970 | 693,786 | 2.9 | 553 | 537 | 891,276 | 3.7 | ≥704 | 922 | 1,587,188 | 6.5 |
Dried foods | ≤54 | 590,979 | 65,812 | 0.3 | 182 | 134 | 310,071 | 1.3 | ≥310 | 577 | 590,979 | 2.4 |
Drinks | 0 | 1,587,188 | 0 | 0.0 | 114 | 62 | 120,390 | 0.5 | ≥274 | 518 | 99,508 | 0.4 |
Flora | ≤10 | 51,015 | 0 | 0.0 | 183 | 217 | 249,590 | 1.0 | ≥355 | 167 | 51,015 | 0.2 |
Groceries | ≤59 | 122,101 | 92,397 | 0.4 | 154 | 147 | 548,756 | 2.3 | ≥250 | 438 | 258,273 | 1.1 |
Herbs | ≤17 | 99,508 | 2232 | 0.0 | 148 | 76 | 189,595 | 0.8 | ≥278 | 435 | 158,517 | 0.7 |
Horticulture | 0 | 258,273 | 0 | 0.0 | 758 | 201 | 474,270 | 2.0 | ≥1552 | 3025 | 1,560,970 | 6.4 |
Houseware | 0 | 130,286 | 0 | 0.0 | 84 | 34 | 122,642 | 0.5 | ≥175 | 423 | 124,679 | 0.5 |
Industrial | ≤23 | 158,517 | 54,433 | 0.2 | 50 | 42 | 92,892 | 0.4 | ≥78 | 133 | 111,354 | 0.5 |
Meat market | ≤183 | 1,912,922 | 38,933 | 0.2 | 1027 | 785 | 2,665,867 | 11.0 | ≥1871 | 2748 | 1,912,922 | 79 |
Pets | ≤124 | 1,070,870 | 23,381 | 0.1 | 437 | 365 | 562,490 | 2.3 | ≥751 | 994 | 301,888 | 1.2 |
Restaurants | ≤661 | 111,354 | 401,005 | 1.7 | 1261 | 1252 | 1,723,739 | 7.1 | ≥1860 | 2177 | 2,398,461 | 9.9 |
Spices | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 | 256 | 150 | 333,622 | 1.4 | ≥550 | 0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Suplements | 0 | 2,398,461 | 0 | 0.0 | 94 | 34 | 125,247 | 0.5 | ≥187 | 350 | 130,286 | 0.5 |
Global consumption | - | - | 2.212.381 | 9.11 | - | 5479.9 | 10.570.195 | 43.5 | - | - | 11,085,818 | 45.6 |
Number of Stores | ULC 1 (L) | HCR 2 (L) | Excessive Cons (L) | Cost ($) | IGC3 (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bars | 4 | 21,715 | 696,051 | 522,414 | $2.899 | 2.15 |
Hair salon/Barber shop | 2 | 20,595 | 301,888 | 64,572 | $752 | 0.27 |
Craf | 14 | 2556 | 32,857 | 2941 | $6.067 | 0.01 |
Dairy | 3 | 75,192 | 1,560,970 | 780,314 | $4.430 | 3.21 |
Dried foods | 1 | 33,486 | 590,979 | 256,179 | $531 | 1.05 |
Drinks | 3 | 106,488 | 1,587,188 | 377,012 | $766 | 1.55 |
Flora | 0 | 3520 | 51,015 | 15,160 | $244 | 0.06 |
Groceries | 2 | 6089 | 122,101 | 72,529 | $7.250 | 0.30 |
Herbs | 4 | 5347 | 99,508 | 46,900 | $9.076 | 0.19 |
Horticulture | 6 | 13,221 | 258,273 | 116,523 | $431 | 0.48 |
Houseware | 12 | 6506 | 130,286 | 57,917 | $4.361 | 0.24 |
Industrialized | 4 | 10,004 | 158,517 | 57,881 | $1.328 | 0.24 |
Meat market | 5 | 120,711 | 1,912,922 | 610,706 | $3.950 | 2.51 |
Pets | 1 | 65,956 | 1,070,870 | 386,423 | $34 | 1.59 |
Restaurants | 2 | 5652 | 111,354 | 41,756 | $692 | 0.17 |
Spices | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | $0 | 0.00 |
Suplements | 3 | 178,155 | 2,398,461 | 346,881 | $891 | 1.43 |
Total | - | - | 11,083,240.0 | 3,756,107.9 | 43,700.5 | 15.5 |
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Batista, L.T.; Franco, J.R.Q.; Fakury, R.H.; Porto, M.F.; Braga, C.M.P. Methodology for Determining Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators for Buildings. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095695
Batista LT, Franco JRQ, Fakury RH, Porto MF, Braga CMP. Methodology for Determining Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators for Buildings. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095695
Chicago/Turabian StyleBatista, Luciana Teixeira, José Ricardo Queiroz Franco, Ricardo Hall Fakury, Marcelo Franco Porto, and Carmela Maria Polito Braga. 2022. "Methodology for Determining Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators for Buildings" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5695. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095695