Evaluating the Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of a Pipeline Grade Carbon Steel (AISI 1030) for Sustainable Operations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Erosion–Corrosion Test Apparatus and Material Preparation
2.2. Test Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Effect of Jet Velocity on Impingement Corrosion (No Solid Particles)
3.2. Surface Morphology and Corrosion Scar Features
3.3. Effect of Jet Velocity and Angle on Erosion–Corrosion (with Solid Particles)
3.4. Effect of Erosion on Corrosion and Vice Versa
3.5. Optical Profilometric Studies of Corrosion/Wear Scars
4. Conclusions
- Ploughing, elongated erosive tracks, and metal cutting were the dominating erosion–corrosion mechanisms at lower impingement angles, while extrusion, flattening of ridges, and fracture were dominant mechanisms at high impact angles.
- The increase in impingement corrosion and erosion–corrosion rates with an increase in impingement velocity was due to the presence of high shear and normal impact stresses. The maximum impingement corrosion and erosion–corrosion rates were found at a 45° impingement angle, as there was a balance between shearing force and normal impact force.
- Erosion had a significant effect on corrosion as particles cut the surface and activate the localized sites, which resulted in accelerated corrosion attack.
- The corrosion layer/oxide layer is continuously removed due to liquid jet impingement under high velocity conditions, as well as with the impact of the solid particles.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Angle of Highest Synergistic Rate | Operating Conditions under Consideration | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Velocity of Jet | Testing Time | Testing Angle Range | |||
X65 Carbon Steel | 25° | 6.5 m/s | 30 min | 20–90° | [3] |
Al–brass alloy | 20 and 90° | 6 m/s | 30 min | 20–90° | [24] |
X80 steel | 90° | 12 m/s | 1 h | 30–90 | [25] |
AA5052 Aluminum Alloy | 30° | 3 m/s | 30 min | 25–90 | [26] |
AISI 1030 | 45 and 90° | 12 m/s | 24 h (significant time given compared to other studies) | 15–90° (wide range of angles) | Present Study |
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Irshad, H.M.; Toor, I.U.; Badr, H.M.; Samad, M.A. Evaluating the Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of a Pipeline Grade Carbon Steel (AISI 1030) for Sustainable Operations. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4819. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084819
Irshad HM, Toor IU, Badr HM, Samad MA. Evaluating the Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of a Pipeline Grade Carbon Steel (AISI 1030) for Sustainable Operations. Sustainability. 2022; 14(8):4819. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084819
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrshad, Hafiz Muzammil, Ihsan Ulhaq Toor, Hassan Mohamed Badr, and Mohammed Abdul Samad. 2022. "Evaluating the Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of a Pipeline Grade Carbon Steel (AISI 1030) for Sustainable Operations" Sustainability 14, no. 8: 4819. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084819