Impact of Mobile Internet Application on Farmers’ Adoption and Development of Green Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model and Data
3. Variable Definition and Descriptive Analysis
3.1. Information Acquisition Ability
3.2. Risk Attitude
3.3. Expected Return
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Mediating Effect of Information Acquisition Ability
4.2. Mediating Effect of Risk Attitude
4.3. Mediating Effect of Expected Return
4.4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Machlup, F. The History of Thought on Economic Integration. J. Econ. Hist. 1978, 38, 323–585. [Google Scholar]
- Mao, W.; Koo, W.W. Productivity Growth, Technology Progress, and Efficiency Change in Chinese Agricultural Production from 1984 To 1993. Agricultural Economics Reports, 1996. Available online: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=15076 (accessed on 1 September 1996).
- Xue, T.; Chong, W. An Empirical Research on Influence of Peasant Household Resource Endowment on Choosing New Varieties of High Quality Wheat—A Survey in Fengxian County of Jiangsu province. Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull. 2008, 24, 224–228. [Google Scholar]
- Shu, X. The Technology Diffusion, the Endogenous Technical Transformation and China’s Economic Fluctuation. Manag. World 2011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peng, L.H.; Pan, J.H. The dilemma and way out of the sustainable development of science and technology. Stud. Sci. Sci. 2004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maredia, M.K.; Shankar, B.; Kelley, T.G.; Stevenson, J.R. Impact assessment of agricultural research, institutional innovation, and technology adoption: Introduction to the special section. Food Policy 2014, 44, 214–217. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rong, C.; Hong-Yun, H. Impact of cooperative on farmers’ pesticide application behavior and its influence mechanism: An empirical analysis based on the survey data of apple growers in Shandong Province. J. China Agric. Univ. 2012, 17, 196–202. [Google Scholar]
- Ling, Z. Discussion on Financial Operation Mode of Agricultural Supply Chain in Hubei Province under the Background of Internet+. DEStech Transactions on Social Science Education and Human Science, 2017. Available online: http://dpi-journals.com/index.php/dtssehs/article/view/9302 (accessed on 10 May 2017).
- Liu, E.M. Time to Change What to Sow: Risk Preferences and Technology Adoption Decisions of Cotton Farmers in China. Rev. Econ. Stat. 2013, 95, 1386–1403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kassie, M.; Teklewold, H.; Marenya, P.; Jaleta, M.; Erenstein, O. Production Risks and Food Security under Alternative Technology Choices in Malawi: Application of a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression. J. Agric. Econ. 2014, 66, 640–659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, L.; Liu, X.; Li, D.; Fu, Z. Evaluation of the rural informatization level in four Chinese regions: A methodology based on catastrophe theory. Math. Comput. Model. 2013, 58, 868–876. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sobel, M. Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Strucutural Equation Models. Sociol. Methodol. 1982, 13, 290–312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, G.; Su, H. Research on Differences of the Impact of Internet Development on Consumption of Urban and Rural Residents in China; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Yu, Z.; Li, T.; Sun, D.; Xu, J. Earnings Expectation, Cost Perception, Risk Assessment and Decision Making of Technology Selection: Based on the Micro Data of 338 Farmers. Sci. Technol. Manag. Res. 2018, 5, 471–475. [Google Scholar]
- Gao, Y.; Niu, Z.H. Risk aversion, information acquisition ability and farmers’ adoption behavior of green control techniques. Chin. Rural Econ. 2019, 8, 109–127. [Google Scholar]
- Zhao, P.; Wang, Y. A Research on the Effect of Farmers’ Part-time Employment on Outsourcing Service-Based on the Empirical Research of Hunan and Anhui Provinces. Available online: https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=HZND202001006&uniplatform=OVERSEA&v=PnpajNFqttErL6J5uycig2HVS-38njX1dN4UOZ6WJ2_sC1hVbbDOcQVjy1oYQv6i (accessed on 15 January 2020).
- Wang, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, A.; Ding, X.; Cui, M. Preliminary compilation and reliability and validity test of family pension burden scale. China Med. Her. 2018, 15, 161–164. [Google Scholar]
- Wossen, T.; Berger, T.; Di Falco, S. Social Capital, Risk Preference and Adoption of Improved Farm Land Management Practices in Ethiopia. Agric. Econ. 2015, 46, 81–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tanaka, T.; Colin, F.C. Trait perceptions influence economic out-group bias: Lab and field evidence from Vietnam. Exp. Econ. 2016, 19, 513–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Liu, Z.; Zhou, J. Information Ability, Perception of Environmental Risk and Farmers’ Environmentally Friendly Behavior Adoption—Based on Empirical Test of the Sample of Broiler Farmers in Liaoning Province. J. Agrotech. Econ. 2018, 10, 135–144. [Google Scholar]
- Li, M.; Yan, X.; Guo, Y.; Ji, H. Impact of risk awareness and agriculture cooperatives’ service on farmers’ safe production behaviour: Evidences from Shaanxi Province. J. Clean. Prod. 2021, 312, 127724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.; Ke, H.E.; Zhang, J.; Tong, Q.; Cheng, W. Farmers’ willingness to adopt environment friendly technologies and their heterogeneity: Taking Hubei Province as an example. J. China Agric. Univ. 2018, 23, 197–209. [Google Scholar]
The Variable Name | Variable Definitions |
---|---|
Explained variables: | |
Adoption rate of new green wheat varieties | Planting proportion of green pollution-free wheat varieties. |
Explanatory variables: | |
Mobile Internet applications | It is determined by the comprehensive judgment of mobile terminal and mobile software application, and the use the value is 1. If not used, the value is 0. |
Mediating variables: | |
Information acquisition ability | Through the comprehensive measurement of eight indicators, for details. The value ranges from 0 to 4. |
New variety Name Information | Names of new green varieties obtained by farmers, ranging from 0 to 4. |
New variety certification information | Approval status of new green varieties obtained by farmers, value range 0–4. |
New variety characteristic information | Cultivation characteristics of new green varieties obtained by farmers, value range 0–4. |
Sowing technology information | Information on planting technology of new green varieties obtained by farmers, value range 0–4. |
Technical information on field management | Field management technology of new green varieties obtained by farmers, value range 0–4. |
Wheat market price information | Farmers obtain the market price of wheat, which ranges from 0 to 4. |
Seed price information | Farmers get wheat seed prices, value range 0–4. |
Price information of pesticides and fertilizers | The price of wheat pesticides and fertilizers obtained by farmers ranges from 0 to 4. |
Risk attitude | To measure the risk aversion of farmers by experimental methods, see 6.3.2 for details. The value ranges from 0 to 1.6. |
Prospective earnings | Comprehensive measurement is carried out through five indicators. For details, see 6.3.3. The value ranges from 0 to 4. |
Production per unit area expected | The new variety can improve the expected degree of wheat yield per unit area. The value ranges from 0 to 4. |
Expectations of stress resistance | The new variety can improve the expected degree of wheat stress resistance. The value ranges from 0 to 4. |
Quality expectations | The new variety can improve the expected degree of wheat quality. The value ranges from 0 to 4. |
Expectation of growth period | The new variety has the expected degree of suitable growth period, the value range is 0–4. |
Input cost expectation | New variety can reduce the expected degree of input cost, value range is 0–4. |
Control variables: | |
Age | Actual age (One full year of life). |
Gender | 1 = male; 0 = female. |
Years of education | Years of education for decision-makers in Agricultural Production and Operation (years). |
Wheat planting experience | Engaged in wheat planting time, according to the actual value (years). |
Whether to return to farming personnel | Return to the town full-time engaged in agricultural production and management activities? 1 is true; 0 is false. |
Family | In terms of actual numbers (person). |
Number of family farm workers | Number of family members engaged in agricultural production (persons). |
The number of times the family attended agricultural technology training | According to the actual value (times). |
Annual household income | Total household income, the natural logarithm of the actual value. |
Wheat revenue share | Wheat production income to total household income ratio. |
Wheat planting scale | The natural logarithm of wheat planting scale is taken according to the actual mu. |
Whether family members serve as village officials | Are the family members village cadres or township cadres or above? 1 is true; 0 is false. |
Participation in Cooperatives | Do you participate in agricultural cooperatives? 1 is true; 0 is false. |
Information acquisition channel | Access to agricultural information channel number. |
Variable Name | Total Sample | With Mobile Internet | Without Mobile Internet | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | Mean Value | Standard Deviation | |
Explained variable: | ||||||
Adoption degree of New Wheat Varieties | 0.455 | 0.195 | 0.582 | 0.111 | 0.257 | 0.118 |
Mediating variable: | ||||||
Information acquisition ability | 2.261 | 0.511 | 2.637 | 0.205 | 1.680 | 0.205 |
Aversion toward risk | 0.811 | 0.301 | 0.671 | 0.241 | 1.027 | 0.249 |
Expected return | 1.907 | 0.366 | 2.152 | 0.196 | 1.529 | 0.215 |
Variable Name | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adoption Levels of New Wheat Varieties | Information Acquisition Ability | Attitude Toward Risk | Expected Return | ||||
Values of Information Acquisition Ability | Adoption Levels of New Wheat Varieties | Risk Aversion | Adoption Levels of New Wheat Varieties | Expected Return | Adoption Levels of New Wheat Varieties | ||
Whether to use the mobile Internet | 0.254 *** | 0.918 *** | 0.228 *** | −0.196 *** | 0.248 *** | 0.619 *** | 0.191 *** |
(0.012) | (0.027) | (0.021) | (0.026) | (0.012) | (0.018) | (0.021) | |
Values of information-obtaining capacity | 0.028 * | ||||||
(0.015) | |||||||
Risk aversion | −0.031 * | ||||||
(0.015) | |||||||
Expected return index | 0.102 *** | ||||||
(0.027) | |||||||
Controlled variable | Under control | Under control | Under control | Under control | Under control | Under control | Under control |
F value | 141.654 *** | 203.458 *** | 133.251 *** | 51.665 *** | 133.342 *** | 229.598 *** | 136.754 *** |
ACEM | 0.026 | 0.006 | 0.063 | ||||
Proportion of mediating effect in total effect | 10.24% | 2.36% | 24.80% | ||||
Sobel test | 0.029 ** | 0.009 * | 0.065 *** | ||||
(0.011) | (0.005) | (0.014) | |||||
Sample size | 572 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Huang, Z.; Zhuang, J.; Xiao, S. Impact of Mobile Internet Application on Farmers’ Adoption and Development of Green Technology. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416745
Huang Z, Zhuang J, Xiao S. Impact of Mobile Internet Application on Farmers’ Adoption and Development of Green Technology. Sustainability. 2022; 14(24):16745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416745
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Zhenzhen, Jiayu Zhuang, and Shuo Xiao. 2022. "Impact of Mobile Internet Application on Farmers’ Adoption and Development of Green Technology" Sustainability 14, no. 24: 16745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416745
APA StyleHuang, Z., Zhuang, J., & Xiao, S. (2022). Impact of Mobile Internet Application on Farmers’ Adoption and Development of Green Technology. Sustainability, 14(24), 16745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416745