Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among Workers from the Public-Education Sector
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Description of the Current Mobility Scenario
2.1. Mobility Profile in the Education Sector in Andalusia
2.2. Transportation Alternatives
3. Requirements of a Carpooling System for Teachers
3.1. “SENECA” Web Platform for Teachers
3.2. System Attributes
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Proposal of Design of a Carpooling System
- STEP 1. Carpool user agreement: In a previously designed web platform, the worker is registered using login data from the SENECA system. In the first step, teachers interested in the carpooling system would upload a data consent to share their contact information and to be included in the carpooling system. They should also indicate the number of available seats for possible carpool users.
- STEP 2. Institutional database: Once logged into the platform, the key information required for the proposal is obtained from the institutional database and available seats are supplied by users.
- -
- Home or departure place zip code.
- -
- Working place zip code.
- -
- Available seats.
- -
- Entrance time.
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- Exit time.
- STEP 3. Match search: Some authors classify carpool trips on the basis of the types of matching between origin and destination (Furuhata et al., 2013; Morency, 2007). According to the match criteria, the platform will search for matches in timetables and zip codes. (Table 4).
- STEP 4. Match result: Based on matching criteria, the platform generates a list of possible carpool users. They are ranked by matching level.
- STEP 5. Carpool user selection: A user will select one option from the list and connect by phone or email.
- STEP 6. Final decision: If they agree to carpool, then the database should be updated. The driver will reduce one seat available, and the passenger will eliminate their car from the database for that trip.
4.2. Practical Case in a High School
5. Conclusions
5.1. Limitations
5.2. Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Distance | Trip Time | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A (Neighbourhood) | lower than 2 km (1.24 miles) | 5–20 min | Teacher lives near the work site and walks or goes by bicycle/scooter |
B (Intra-city and inter-villages) [26] | 2–15 km (1.2–9.3 miles) | 10–30 min | Teachers lives in the same city or in a close village |
C (Inter-cities) [26] | 16–125 km (9.9–77.7 miles) | 15–90 min | School is in a different city, but usually in the same province |
D (Long distance) | Above 125 km (77.7 miles) | ≥90 min | School is too far to return every day |
Mean of Transport | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Walking or bike | Cost and emissions | Only short paths |
Public transport | Low cost | Limited availability |
Bus hiring | Low cost | Only for big groups with same timetables |
Private car (one driver) | Fast and easy | High cost and emissions |
Carpooling face to face | Save cost and emissions | Need for coordination |
“Bla bla car” and other sharing platforms | Save cost and emissions | Returns and arrange daily with unknown people |
Attribute | Description | Previous Authors |
---|---|---|
Long-term planning | Teachers need to arrive on time every day and they need to plan their trips in advance | [27] |
Critical Mass | High number of potential users. The higher the number of potential users, the easier it is to match routes with other users from the education sector may access the system | [28,29] |
Privacy | Need for protecting personal data | [30,35] |
Free election | Travel mates are not imposed by the system | [27,36] |
Trust | Only workers from the education sector could to access to the system | [37,38] |
Fee | The system will not charge any cost to the users | [31,32] |
Save cost | The system will inform users on the amount of money saved for each carpooling travel | [13,33,34] |
Save emissions | The system will inform users on the amount of emissions to the environment saved | [8,39] |
Match Level | Requirements |
---|---|
Match 1 | Same home zip code AND same school zip code AND same timetable |
Match 2 | Near home zip code(+1/−1) AND same school zip code AND same timetable |
Match 3 | Same home zip code AND Near school zip code (+1/−1) AND same timetable |
Match 4 | Same home zip code AND Same school zip code AND near entrance timetable (−1) |
Match 5 | Same home zip code AND Same school zip code AND near exit timetable (+1) |
Match 6 | Near zip code (+1/−1) AND near timetable (+1) |
Match Zip | Match Zip + Timetable | Solo Cars | Carpool Cars | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zip code—Zone 1 | 43.48 | 30.43 | 7 | 2 |
Zip code—Zone 2 | 30.43 | 17.39 | 4 | 1 |
Zip code—Zone 3 | 17.39 | 13.04 | 3 | 1 |
TOTAL | 91.30 | 60.87 | 14 | 4 |
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Rey-Merchán, M.d.C.; López-Arquillos, A.; Pires Rosa, M.; Gómez-de-Gabriel, J.M. Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among Workers from the Public-Education Sector. Sustainability 2022, 14, 14601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114601
Rey-Merchán MdC, López-Arquillos A, Pires Rosa M, Gómez-de-Gabriel JM. Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among Workers from the Public-Education Sector. Sustainability. 2022; 14(21):14601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114601
Chicago/Turabian StyleRey-Merchán, María del Carmen, Antonio López-Arquillos, Manuela Pires Rosa, and Jesús Manuel Gómez-de-Gabriel. 2022. "Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among Workers from the Public-Education Sector" Sustainability 14, no. 21: 14601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114601
APA StyleRey-Merchán, M. d. C., López-Arquillos, A., Pires Rosa, M., & Gómez-de-Gabriel, J. M. (2022). Proposal for an Institutional Carpooling System among Workers from the Public-Education Sector. Sustainability, 14(21), 14601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114601