Investigating Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Potential for Pakistan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Bibliometric Background of Adsorption-Based AWH
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Adsorption-Based AWH System
3.2. Adsorption Modeling
3.3. Simulation Analysis
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Geospatial Mapping
4.2. Simulation Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 902 | Water Harvesting from Air with Metal-Organic Frameworks powered by Natural Sunlight | Science | 2017 | [52] |
2 | 324 | Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting from Air | Advanced Materials | 2018 | [37] |
3 | 304 | Adsorption-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Device for Arid Climates | Nature communications | 2018 | [53] |
4 | 227 | Progress and Expectation of Atmospheric Water Harvesting | Joule | 2018 | [54] |
5 | 168 | Super Moisture-Absorbent Gels for All-Weather Atmospheric Water Harvesting | Advanced Materials | 2019 | [55] |
6 | 166 | Rapid Cycling and Exceptional Yield in a Metal-Organic Framework Water Harvester | ACS Central Science | 2019 | [56] |
7 | 162 | MOF Water Harvesters | Nature Nanotechnology | 2020 | [36] |
8 | 151 | The Effects of Surface Wettability on the Fog and Dew Moisture Harvesting Performance on Tubular Surfaces | Scientific Reports | 2016 | [57] |
9 | 145 | Tunable Water and CO2 Sorption Properties in Isostructural Azine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks through Polarity Engineering | Chemistry of Materials | 2015 | [58] |
10 | 140 | Hybrid Hydrogel with High Water Vapor Harvesting Capacity for Deployable Solar-Driven Atmospheric Water Generator | Environmental Science and Technology | 2018 | [59] |
11 | 120 | Harnessing Solar-Driven Photothermal Effect toward the Water–Energy Nexus | Advanced Science | 2019 | [60] |
12 | 105 | Solar Energy Triggered Clean Water Harvesting from Humid Air Existing above Sea Surface Enabled by a Hydrogel with Ultrahigh Hygroscopicity | Advanced Materials | 2019 | [61] |
13 | 105 | Atmospheric Water Harvesting: A Review of Material and Structural Designs | ACS Materials Letters | 2020 | [62] |
14 | 102 | Adsorption-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Impact of Material and Component Properties on System-Level Performance | Accounts of Chemical Research | 2019 | [63] |
15 | 99 | Harvesting Water from Air: Using Anhydrous Salt with Sunlight | Environmental Science and Technology | 2018 | [64] |
16 | 95 | Recent Developments in Solid Desiccant Coated Heat Exchangers—A Review | Applied Energy | 2018 | [65] |
17 | 95 | Water Production from Air using Multi-Shelves Solar Glass Pyramid System | Renewable Energy | 2007 | [66] |
18 | 87 | Water Harvesting from Air with a Hygroscopic Salt in a Hydrogel–Derived Matrix | Communications Chemistry | 2018 | [38] |
19 | 85 | Efficient Solar-Driven Water Harvesting from Arid Air with Metal–Organic Frameworks Modified by Hygroscopic Salt | Angewandte Chemie—International Edition | 2020 | [67] |
20 | 84 | Improving Atmospheric Water Production Yield: Enabling Multiple Water Harvesting Cycles with Nano Sorbent | Nano Energy | 2020 | [68] |
Units | Silica | Zeolite | MIL-101 | COF-432 | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Desiccant diameter | (mm) | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | Assumption |
Desiccant bulk density | (kg/m3) | 750 | 650 | 350 | 875 | [69,72,74] |
Specific surface area | (m2/g) | 830 | 600 | 5900 | 895 | [75,76,77] |
Specific site density | (sites/nm2) | 12.8 | 12.8 | N/A | N/A | [78] |
Langmuir constant | 0.05 | 0.8 | N/A | N/A | Calculated | |
Bed depth | (mm) | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | [79] |
Mass of desiccants in a system | (kg) | 4.8 | 4.16 | 2.24 | 5.728 | Calculated |
Activation energy | (kJ/mol) | 35 | 70 | 65 | 10 | [75,79,80] |
Parameters | Units | Distribution | Values in Distribution | References | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Mode | Upper | ||||
SSAD | (m2/g) | Triangular | 100 | 600 | 6000 | [72,86] |
SSDD | (sites/nm2) | Triangular | 0.5 × 1010 | 1 × 1010 | 1.28 × 1010 | [78] |
ρD | kg/m3 | Triangular | 300 | 600 | 900 | [38,87] |
dD | mm | Triangular | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.005 | [38,87] |
h | mm | Triangular | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.01 | [63] |
kL | Triangular | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | Calculated | |
RH | % | Triangular | 1 | 50 | 100 | Assumption |
qD | (kg/kg) | Triangular | 0.019 | 0.55 | 2.5 | Calculated |
m | kg/m2 | Triangular | 0.2 | 1.9 | 6.1 | Calculated |
Edes | (kJ/mol) | Triangular | 2 | 35 | 80 | [75,80,88] |
Parameter Optimization | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameters | Distribution | Parameter Optimization (New Values in Distribution) | Search Range | Preceding Values in the Distribution | |||||
Lower | Mode | Upper | Low | High | Lower | Mode | Upper | ||
SSAD | Triangular | 400 | 900 | 6300 | 200 | 900 | 100 | 600 | 6000 |
SSDD | Triangular | 0.5 × 1010 | 1 × 1010 | 1.28 × 1010 | - | - | 0.5 × 1010 | 1 × 1010 | 1.28 × 1010 |
ρD | Triangular | 427 | 727 | 1027 | 400 | 800 | 300 | 600 | 900 |
dD | Triangular | 0.00131 | 0.00331 | 0.00531 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.005 |
h | Triangular | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.01 |
kL | Triangular | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | - | - | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 |
RH | Triangular | 1 | 50 | 100 | - | - | 1 | 50 | 100 |
Sensitivity Analysis | |||||||||
Parameters | Distribution | Sensitivity Analysis (New Values in Distribution) | % Change in Standard Deviation | Preceding Values in the Distribution | |||||
Lower | Mode | Upper | Lower | Mode | Upper | ||||
SSAD | Triangular | 650 | 900 | 3600 | −50% | 400 | 900 | 6300 | |
SSDD | Triangular | 0.75 × 1010 | 1 × 1010 | 1.14 × 1010 | −50% | 0.5 × 1010 | 1 × 1010 | 1.28 × 1010 | |
ρD | Triangular | 577 | 727 | 877 | −50% | 427 | 727 | 1027 | |
dD | Triangular | 0.00131 | 0.00331 | 0.00531 | - | 0.00131 | 0.00331 | 0.00531 | |
h | Triangular | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.010 | −50% | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.012 | |
kL | Triangular | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | - | 0.01 | 0.1 | 1 | |
RH | Triangular | 1 | 50 | 100 | - | 1 | 50 | 100 |
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Bilal, M.; Sultan, M.; Majeed, F.; Farooq, M.; Sajjad, U.; Ibrahim, S.M.; Khan, M.U.; Azizi, S.; Javaid, M.Y.; Ahmad, R. Investigating Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Potential for Pakistan. Sustainability 2022, 14, 12582. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912582
Bilal M, Sultan M, Majeed F, Farooq M, Sajjad U, Ibrahim SM, Khan MU, Azizi S, Javaid MY, Ahmad R. Investigating Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Potential for Pakistan. Sustainability. 2022; 14(19):12582. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912582
Chicago/Turabian StyleBilal, Muhammad, Muhammad Sultan, Faizan Majeed, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Sobhy M. Ibrahim, Muhammad Usman Khan, Shohreh Azizi, Muhammad Yasar Javaid, and Riaz Ahmad. 2022. "Investigating Adsorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Potential for Pakistan" Sustainability 14, no. 19: 12582. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912582