Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin: Its Spatial–Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Differentiation Causes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methods and Data Processing
2.1. Research Methods
2.1.1. Standard Deviation Ellipse
2.1.2. The Nearest-Point Index
2.1.3. Nuclear Density Analysis
2.1.4. Spatial Autocorrelation
2.1.5. Geographical Detector
2.2. Data Source
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Types of Intangible Cultural Heritage Structure in the Yellow River Basin
3.2. Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage Time Characteristics in the Yellow River Basin
3.3. Spatial Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin
3.3.1. Distribution Pattern of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin
3.3.2. Spatial Distribution Pattern of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin
3.3.3. Spatial Aggregation of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin
3.3.4. Spatial Correlation Analysis of Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin
4. Influencing Factors
4.1. Selection of Influencing Factors
4.2. Single Factor Analysis
4.3. Interaction Analysis
5. Discussion
5.1. Discussion on the Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Intangible Cultural Heritage
5.2. Discussion on the Causes of Non-Inherited Differentiation
6. Discussion
- (1)
- According to what has been excavated, the intangible cultural heritage projects in the Yellow River Basin show a dense-east-sparse-west spatial distribution pattern. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin, a hot area centered on the central and southern Shanxi is formed. A cold point area centered on Alxa League is formed in the northern Yellow River Basin.
- (2)
- The intangible cultural heritage in the Yellow River Basin generally presents the “four peaks and three valleys” characteristics historically. The spatial distribution characteristics of various types are also different, and the oral tradition and manifestation of intangible cultural heritage are mainly composed of three high-density areas and four sub-high-density areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The intangible cultural heritage of performing arts in space is L shaped; the traditional handicrafts have a trunk–wings spatial distribution pattern; the spatial distribution pattern of knowledge and practice intangible cultural heritages related to nature and the universe consists of two high-density areas and four sub-high-density areas; social practice, rituals, and festivals are composed of two high-density areas and two sub-high-density areas. It can be seen from the NNI values of each batch that the state has been paying increasing attention to the development of intangible cultural heritage in economically backward areas and ethnic minority areas.
- (3)
- The spatial distribution pattern of intangible cultural heritage joint influence of policy orientation, economic development, topography, and other factors.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Level | Mother Batch | Second Batch | Third Batch | Fourth Batch | Fifth Batch | Footing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National level of the Yellow River Basin (item) | 176 | 366 | 132 | 111 | 106 | 891 |
National level (item) | 763 | 1352 | 567 | 463 | 465 | 3610 |
Proportion (%) | 23.1 | 27.1 | 23.3 | 24.0 | 22.8 | 24.7 |
Dynasty Segmentation | Folk Literature | Music | Dance | Drama | Dramatic Balladry | Sports, Amusement, and Acrobatics | Art | Techniques | Medicine | Folkways | Footing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-Qin period | 36 | 13 | 20 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 17 | 27 | 6 | 27 | 159 |
Qin and Han Dynasties | 9 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 16 | 18 | 1 | 10 | 75 |
Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties | 4 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 38 |
Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties | 11 | 16 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 13 | 109 |
Song and Yuan period | 9 | 19 | 7 | 10 | 5 | 8 | 16 | 18 | 4 | 21 | 117 |
Ming-Qing period | 9 | 45 | 31 | 105 | 40 | 18 | 41 | 35 | 19 | 34 | 377 |
Modern times | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 16 |
Footing | 78 | 116 | 79 | 140 | 49 | 44 | 110 | 127 | 37 | 111 | 891 |
Partition | Number (Item) | Proportion (%) | Area (10,000 km2) | Density (Item/10,000 km2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Upper Yellow River | 246 | 27.6 | 145.17 | 1.69 |
Middle Yellow River | 334 | 37.5 | 108.36 | 3.08 |
Lower Yellow River | 311 | 34.9 | 32.28 | 9.63 |
Grand total | 891 | 100 | 285.81 | 3.12 |
Batch/Type | Average Nearest-Neighbor Distance (km) | Expected Nearest-Neighbor Distance (km) | NNI | Z Value | p Value | Dispersion Pattern |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mother batch | 35 | 65 | 0.530 | −11.927 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Second batch | 24 | 48 | 0.495 | −18.487 | 0.000 | Aggregation |
Third batch | 42 | 66 | 0.640 | −7.914 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Fourth batch | 59 | 80 | 0.741 | −5.226 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Fifth batch | 70 | 79 | 0.884 | −2.291 | 0.022 | Random distribution |
Folk literature | 79 | 102 | 0.774 | −3.817 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Traditional music | 56 | 74 | 0.761 | −4.921 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Traditional dance | 67 | 99 | 0.681 | −5.420 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Traditional drama | 44 | 70 | 0.632 | −8.326 | 0.000 | Random distribution |
Dramatic balladry | 74 | 89 | 0.823 | −2.369 | 0.018 | Random distribution |
Traditional sports, amusement, and acrobatics | 95 | 117 | 0.808 | −2.435 | 0.015 | Random distribution |
Traditional art | 57 | 77 | 0.739 | −5.246 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Traditional techniques | 41 | 74 | 0.547 | −9.758 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Traditional medicine | 72 | 104 | 0.694 | −3.560 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Folkways | 59 | 81 | 0.720 | −5.640 | 0.000 | Aggregation-random |
Entire | 115 | 313 | 0.369 | −36.037 | 0.000 | Aggregation |
Criterion Layer | Indicator Layer | q | p |
---|---|---|---|
Physical factor | Terrain | 0.1531 | 0.0000 |
Climate | 0.1306 | 0.0000 | |
Hydrology | 0.1199 | 0.0000 | |
Economic factor | Total GDP | 0.2332 | 0.0000 |
Per capita GDP | 0.3233 | 0.0000 | |
Sociocultural factors | Cultural partition | 0.0435 | 0.0000 |
Policy support | 0.4256 | 0.0000 |
Impact Factors | Terrain | Climate | Hydrology | Total GDP | Per Capita GDP | Cultural Partition | Policy Support |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Terrain | 0.1531 | ||||||
Climate | 0.3416 * | 0.1306 | |||||
Hydrology | 0.3774 * | 0.2207 + | 0.1199 | ||||
Total GDP | 0.6310 * | 0.3494 + | 0.4129 * | 0.2332 | |||
Per capita GDP | 0.7004 * | 0.5562 * | 0.5484 * | 0.6658 * | 0.3233 | ||
Cultural partition | 0.5055 * | 0.1461 + | 0.1246 + | 0.3588 * | 0.4002 * | 0.0435 | |
Policy support | 0.6208 * | 0.6513 * | 0.6945 * | 0.8299 * | 0.7893 * | 0.6393 * | 0.4256 |
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Zhang, Z.; Li, Q.; Hu, S. Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin: Its Spatial–Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Differentiation Causes. Sustainability 2022, 14, 11073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711073
Zhang Z, Li Q, Hu S. Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin: Its Spatial–Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Differentiation Causes. Sustainability. 2022; 14(17):11073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711073
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Zhongwu, Qi Li, and Shixiong Hu. 2022. "Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin: Its Spatial–Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Differentiation Causes" Sustainability 14, no. 17: 11073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711073
APA StyleZhang, Z., Li, Q., & Hu, S. (2022). Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Yellow River Basin: Its Spatial–Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Differentiation Causes. Sustainability, 14(17), 11073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141711073