Design and Experimental Evaluation of Composite Magnesium Phosphate Cement-Based Coating with High Cooling Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Research Route
2.3. Preparation of MPC Coating
2.4. Performance Characterization Methods
2.4.1. Fluidity and Setting Time Test
2.4.2. Compressive and Flexural Test
2.4.3. Adhesive Strength Test
2.4.4. Thermal Property Test
2.4.5. Micro Characterizations
2.4.6. Laboratory Irradiation Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Basic Ratio Determination of MPC
3.1.1. M/P Ratio Optimization
3.1.2. Initial Adjustment of the Water-Solid Ratio
3.2. Effect of Titanium Dioxide Content on the Performance of MPC-T Pastes
3.2.1. Cooling Performance
3.2.2. Thermal Conductivity
3.2.3. Spectral Reflectance
3.3. Effect of Glass Bead Content on the Performance of MPC-TG Pastes
3.3.1. Re-Adjustment of Water-Solid Ratio
3.3.2. Cooling Performance
3.3.3. Thermal Conductivity
3.3.4. Spectral Reflectance
3.4. Performance Evaluation of Optimized MPC-Based Pastes
3.4.1. Physical Performance Evaluation
3.4.2. Phase Composition Analysis
3.4.3. Internal Morphology Analysis
3.4.4. Thermal Stability Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Magnesium ammonium phosphate cement itself has certain reflective cooling properties, and the addition of titanium dioxide can further improve the cooling properties of MPC coating. Through the results of the 100 min irradiation test, it was determined that the amount of titanium dioxide admixture was 2% of the mass of magnesium oxide. At this point, in comparison to the uncoated concrete block, the surface temperature was reduced by 13.6 °C, a reduction of 26%, and the internal temperature was reduced by 11.5 °C, also a reduction of 26%. By continuing to increase the amount of titanium dioxide at this point, the improvement in temperature reduction was no longer significant.
- (2)
- The reflective cooling effect of the coating was further enhanced by adding glass beads on top of the 2% titanium dioxide. The glass beads achieved an increased cooling effect by reducing the thermal conductivity of the MPC-based pastes. When the amount of glass bead admixture reached 8% of the mass of magnesium oxide, the surface temperature continued to reduce by 3.9 °C, and the internal temperature continued to reduce by 2.2 °C after 100 min of irradiation. At this point, continuing to add glass beads will make the prepared coating less liquid and reduce construction operability. Therefore, the dosage of glass beads is 8% of the mass of magnesium oxide.
- (3)
- Based on SEM, XRD, and TG/DTG results, the MPCTG cooling coating hydrates well, with a large amount of hydration products encasing unreacted MgO particles, titanium dioxide, and glass bead, forming a dense monolith with high reflection and low thermal conductivity, effectively blocking the entry of radiant heat. At the same time, the MPCTG coating prepared is stable below 70 °C, while the summer high-temperature disease of the concrete structure usually does not exceed 70 °C.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | MgO | SiO2 | CaO | Fe2O3 | MnO |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 95.1 | 3.22 | 1.32 | 0.27 | 0.09 |
MPC Pastes | M/P | Initial Setting Time/min | 3D Compressive Strength/MPa | 3D Flexural Strength/MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-1 | 3 | 25 | 27.88 | 10.30 |
MPC-2 | 4 | 23 | 37.78 | 14.25 |
MPC-3 | 5 | 19 | 55.95 | 15.65 |
MPC-4 | 6 | 18 | 47.85 | 15.10 |
MPC-5 | 7 | 17 | 47.13 | 16.10 |
MPC-6 | 8 | 15 | 38.60 | 15.30 |
MPC-7 | 9 | 14 | 33.80 | 14.10 |
MPC Pastes | Water-Solid Ratio | 3D Compressive Strength/MPa | 3D Flexural Strength/MPa | 3D Adhesive Strength/MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-3 | 0.15 | 56.4 | 9.4 | 4.98 |
MPC-W1 | 0.2 | 26.55 | 5.5 | 3.19 |
MPC-W2 | 0.3 | 17.65 | 3.5 | 2.79 |
MPC-W3 | 0.4 | 8.05 | 2.1 | 2.24 |
MPC-W4 | 0.5 | 5.25 | 1.4 | 0.66 |
MPC-Based Pastes | Ultraviolet Reflectance | Visible Reflectance | Near-Infrared Reflectance | Average Reflectance |
---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-W3 | 7.58 | 19.73 | 41.80 | 29.06 |
MPC-T1 | 9.69 | 37.19 | 56.12 | 44.40 |
MPC-T4 | 9.72 | 39.28 | 57.50 | 46.08 |
MPC-Based Pastes | Ultraviolet Reflectance | Visible Reflectance | Near-Infrared Reflectance | Average Reflectance |
---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-T1 | 9.41 | 30.37 | 53.04 | 39.56 |
MPC-TG4 | 9.60 | 32.08 | 51.37 | 39.69 |
MPC-Based Paste | M/P | Water-Solid Ratio | Borax/M | Titanium Dioxide/M | Glass Bead/M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-TG4 | 5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.08 |
MPC Paste | 3D Compressive Strength | 3D Flexural Strength | Adhesive Strength | Initial Setting Time | Fluidity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPC-TG4 | 17.5 MPa | 3.9 MPa | 2.1 MPa | 40 min | 21.7 mm |
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Quan, X.; Guo, W.; Duan, B.; Tian, J.; Wu, X. Design and Experimental Evaluation of Composite Magnesium Phosphate Cement-Based Coating with High Cooling Effect. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710790
Quan X, Guo W, Duan B, Tian J, Wu X. Design and Experimental Evaluation of Composite Magnesium Phosphate Cement-Based Coating with High Cooling Effect. Sustainability. 2022; 14(17):10790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710790
Chicago/Turabian StyleQuan, Xiankai, Wenhua Guo, Binxin Duan, Jun Tian, and Xiaowei Wu. 2022. "Design and Experimental Evaluation of Composite Magnesium Phosphate Cement-Based Coating with High Cooling Effect" Sustainability 14, no. 17: 10790. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710790