Green Financial Instruments of Cleaner Production Technologies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Analysis of Green Financial Instruments in Stimulating Corporate Technologies of Decarbonization
2.1. Green Financial Instruments in Stimulating Research Aimed at Developing Low-Carbon Technologies for Enterprises
2.2. Analysis of the Impact of Green Financial Instruments on Decarbonization
2.3. Hybrid Green Financial Instruments in Support of Decarbonization
3. Theoretical Analysis and Formulation of Hypotheses
4. Empirical Data of Environmental Taxes
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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TAX/TIME | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
TET, BI | 217.62 | 226.68 | 235.46 | 249.79 | 254.04 | 255.00 | |
ET, BI | 167.25 | 175.56 | 179.06 | 182.47 | 186.39 | 187.34 | 189.35 |
TT, BI | 42.46 | 43.33 | 48.53 | 52.05 | 54.87 | 57.78 | 56.28 |
TP/R | 7.90 | 7.78 | 7.86 | 7.97 | 8.51 | 8.90 | 9.36 |
% of TSG | 6.62 | 6.71 | 6.71 | 6.58 | 6.35 | 6.07 | 5.98 |
% of GDP | 2.55 | 2.59 | 2.57 | 2.54 | 2.47 | 2.37 | 2.3 |
TAX/TIME | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
TET, BI | 249.48 | 259.60 | 272.35 | 278.48 | 284.17 | 290.97 | 299.06 |
ET, BI | 189.75 | 198.63 | 209.37 | 215.34 | 220.85 | 226.24 | 231.76 |
TT, BI | 50.92 | 52.03 | 53.64 | 53.41 | 53.61 | 54.66 | 56.73 |
TP/R | 8.87 | 8.93 | 9.33 | 9.72 | 9.70 | 10.07 | 10.56 |
% of TSG | 6.19 | 6.23 | 6.27 | 6.22 | 6.2 | 6.2 | 6.16 |
% of GDP | 2.36 | 2.36 | 2.41 | 2.45 | 2.47 | 2.47 | 2.45 |
TAX/TIME | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 |
TET, BI | 310.17 | 316.63 | 324.95 | 330.57 | 331.45 | 341.000 | 351.26 |
ET, BI | 241.21 | 246.04 | 252.40 | 257.53 | 256.76 | 258.35 | 260.23 |
TT, BI | 58.42 | 59.93 | 61.94 | 62.43 | 62.53 | 62.98 | 62.99 |
TP/R, BI | 10.53 | 10.65 | 10.60 | 10.61 | 10.76 | 10.98 | 10.87 |
% of TSG | 6.2 | 6.07 | 5.99 | 5.91 | 5.90 | 5.92 | 5.94 |
% of GDP | 2.47 | 2.42 | 2.4 | 2.37 | 2.36 | 2.37 | 2.38 |
Year | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2008 | 0 | 51.4 | 5.98 | 100 | 100 |
2009 | 1 | 53.2 | 6.19 | 104 | 104 |
2010 | 2 | 52.6 | 6.23 | 102 | 104 |
2011 | 3 | 52.3 | 6.27 | 102 | 105 |
2012 | 4 | 52.2 | 6.22 | 102 | 104 |
2013 | 5 | 52.3 | 6.2 | 102 | 104 |
2014 | 6 | 52.1 | 6.2 | 101 | 104 |
2015 | 7 | 51.6 | 6.16 | 100 | 103 |
2016 | 8 | 51.5 | 6.2 | 100 | 104 |
2017 | 9 | 51.5 | 6.07 | 100 | 102 |
2018 | 10 | 51.7 | 6 | 101 | 100 |
2019 | 11 | 51.7 | 5.91 | 101 | 99 |
2020 | 12 | 53.5 | 5.4 | 104 | 90 |
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Koval, V.; Laktionova, O.; Atstāja, D.; Grasis, J.; Lomachynska, I.; Shchur, R. Green Financial Instruments of Cleaner Production Technologies. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710536
Koval V, Laktionova O, Atstāja D, Grasis J, Lomachynska I, Shchur R. Green Financial Instruments of Cleaner Production Technologies. Sustainability. 2022; 14(17):10536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710536
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoval, Viktor, Olga Laktionova, Dzintra Atstāja, Janis Grasis, Iryna Lomachynska, and Roman Shchur. 2022. "Green Financial Instruments of Cleaner Production Technologies" Sustainability 14, no. 17: 10536. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710536