Does Environmental Regulation Promote the Upgrade of the Export Technology Structure: Evidence from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data and Methodology
2.2. Variable Definition
2.2.1. Dependent Variable
2.2.2. Independent Variable
2.2.3. Control Variables
3. Results
3.1. Estimation Results of Basic Model
3.2. Mechanism Analysis
3.3. Heterogeneity Analysis
3.4. Robustness Check
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Name | Label | N | Mean | S.D. | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Export technology structure | lnets | 2773 | 10.48 | 0.380 | 8.810 | 11.53 |
Environment regulation | EnGov | 2773 | 0.0050 | 0.0021 | 0.00025 | 0.0228 |
ECI | 2773 | 0.797 | 0.212 | 0.099 | 1.650 | |
Human capital | human | 2773 | 9.108 | 1.130 | 0.395 | 11.784 |
Urbanization level | urban | 2773 | 50.99 | 15.47 | 18.43 | 100 |
Informatization level | information | 2636 | 3.640 | 1.040 | 0.546 | 8.550 |
Foreign direct investment | fdi | 2636 | 0.0900 | 0.100 | 0.000032 | 0.540 |
Economic-growth rate | growth | 2636 | 11.38 | 4.110 | −19.38 | 32.90 |
Factor input structure | lnratio | 2636 | 12.29 | 0.600 | 9.740 | 13.950 |
Innovation | lnpatent | 2607 | 6.610 | 1.710 | 1.610 | 11.530 |
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE | FE | FE | FE | FE | FE | FE | |
EnGov | 2.990 ** | 3.015 ** | 2.542 * | 2.545 * | 2.695 ** | 2.594 ** | 2.401 * |
(1.347) | (1.348) | (1.340) | (1.341) | (1.268) | (1.262) | (1.236) | |
human | 0.0214 * | 0.0199 * | 0.0191 * | 0.0258 ** | 0.0253 ** | 0.0270 ** | |
(0.0112) | (0.0111) | (0.0109) | (0.0108) | (0.0108) | (0.0109) | ||
urban | 0.00349 *** | 0.00314 *** | 0.00285 *** | 0.00256 *** | 0.00216 *** | ||
(0.000780) | (0.000778) | (0.000760) | (0.000766) | (0.000743) | |||
information | 0.0282 *** | 0.0242 *** | 0.0234 *** | 0.0168 *** | |||
(0.00806) | (0.00740) | (0.00737) | (0.00632) | ||||
fdi | 0.146 ** | 0.154 ** | 0.186 *** | ||||
(0.0633) | (0.0657) | (0.0646) | |||||
growth | 0.00148 * | 0.000122 | |||||
(0.000868) | (0.000857) | ||||||
lnratio | 0.0599 *** | ||||||
(0.00820) | |||||||
Constant | 10.46 *** | 10.36 *** | 10.19 *** | 10.11 *** | 10.11 *** | 10.11 *** | 9.424 *** |
(0.00694) | (0.0508) | (0.0634) | (0.0661) | (0.0658) | (0.0654) | (0.118) | |
City Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Time Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
N | 2773 | 2773 | 2773 | 2769 | 2644 | 2639 | 2636 |
R2 | 0.944 | 0.945 | 0.945 | 0.946 | 0.951 | 0.951 | 0.953 |
Hausman | 37.76 *** | 38.18 *** | 29.14 *** | 29.16 *** | 22.07 *** | 26.14 *** | 59.06 *** |
F statistics | 5.63 *** | 6.25 *** | 12.36 *** | 14.53 *** | 12.93 *** | 11.37 *** | 21.21 *** |
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) |
---|---|---|---|
Lnets | Lnpatent | Lnets | |
EnGov | 2.401 * | 13.41 *** | 2.309 ** |
(1.236) | (4.942) | (1.158) | |
lnpatent | 0.0215 *** | ||
(0.00545) | |||
human | 0.0270 ** | 0.273 *** | 0.0236 *** |
(0.0109) | (0.0269) | (0.00824) | |
urban | 0.00216 *** | 0.305 *** | 0.104 *** |
(0.000743) | (0.0846) | (0.0200) | |
information | 0.0168 *** | 0.349 *** | 0.0106 * |
(0.00632) | (0.0229) | (0.00582) | |
fdi | 0.186 *** | 1.407 *** | 0.188 *** |
(0.0646) | (0.251) | (0.0672) | |
growth | 0.000122 | 0.0125 *** | 0.000848 |
(0.000857) | (0.00303) | (0.000710) | |
lnratio | 0.0599 *** | −0.00540 | 0.0573 *** |
(0.00820) | (0.0283) | (0.00681) | |
Constant | 9.424 *** | 2.905 *** | 8.979 *** |
(0.118) | (0.340) | (0.0885) | |
City Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES |
Time Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES |
N | 2636 | 2596 | 2596 |
R2 | 0.953 | 0.935 |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.75 | 0.90 |
EnGov | 5.633 ** | 7.339 *** | 9.872 *** | 10.47 *** | 6.727 *** |
(2.733) | (0.898) | (0.213) | (0.250) | (2.374) | |
human | 0.0473 *** | −0.000466 | −0.0112 *** | −0.0277 *** | −0.0185 *** |
(0.00744) | (0.000922) | (0.000476) | (0.00334) | (0.00147) | |
urban | 0.00878 *** | 0.00937 *** | 0.00908 *** | 0.00943 *** | 0.0101 *** |
(0.000223) | (0.000359) | (0.000159) | (0.000243) | (0.000316) | |
information | 0.0792 *** | 0.0953 *** | 0.105 *** | 0.0858 *** | 0.0924 *** |
(0.00330) | (0.00179) | (0.00131) | (0.0131) | (0.00396) | |
fdi | −0.0708 | −0.208 *** | 0.100 *** | 0.00507 | −0.133 *** |
(0.170) | (0.0111) | (0.0135) | (0.0768) | (0.0162) | |
growth | −0.0125 *** | −0.0242 *** | −0.0188 *** | −0.0215 *** | −0.0198 *** |
(0.00332) | (0.00105) | (0.000851) | (0.00214) | (0.000508) | |
lnratio | 0.281 *** | 0.284 *** | 0.290 *** | 0.219 *** | 0.193 *** |
(0.0307) | (0.00190) | (0.00391) | (0.0172) | (0.0131) | |
City Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Time Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
N | 2638 | 2638 | 2638 | 2638 | 2638 |
Number of cities | 276 | 276 | 276 | 276 | 276 |
Variable | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECI | 0.0421 ** | 0.0427 ** | 0.0414 ** | 0.0396 ** | 0.0284 * | 0.0302 * | 0.0247 * |
(0.0181) | (0.0180) | (0.0180) | (0.0179) | (0.0165) | (0.0165) | (0.0145) | |
human | 0.0215 * | 0.0201 * | 0.0192 * | 0.0261 ** | 0.0258 ** | 0.0270 *** | |
(0.0111) | (0.0110) | (0.0108) | (0.0109) | (0.0109) | (0.00820) | ||
urban | 0.00360 *** | 0.00327 *** | 0.00301 *** | 0.00268 *** | 0.00226 *** | ||
(0.000780) | (0.000777) | (0.000763) | (0.000765) | (0.000659) | |||
information | 0.0277 *** | 0.0242 *** | 0.0233 *** | 0.0168 *** | |||
(0.00807) | (0.00752) | (0.00747) | (0.00577) | ||||
fdi | 0.138 ** | 0.148 ** | 0.179 *** | ||||
(0.0627) | (0.0651) | (0.0668) | |||||
growth | 0.00167 * | 0.000379 | |||||
(0.000857) | (0.000705) | ||||||
lnratio | 0.0590 *** | ||||||
(0.00678) | |||||||
Constant | 10.44 *** | 10.34 *** | 10.16 *** | 10.09 *** | 10.09 *** | 10.09 *** | 9.418 *** |
(0.0144) | (0.0503) | (0.0634) | (0.0662) | (0.0668) | (0.0663) | (0.0936) | |
City Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
Time Fixed Effect | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
N | 2799 | 2799 | 2799 | 2795 | 2665 | 2660 | 2657 |
R2 | 0.944 | 0.945 | 0.945 | 0.946 | 0.951 | 0.951 | 0.953 |
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Yang, Y.; Wang, Q.; Gao, Y.; Zhao, L. Does Environmental Regulation Promote the Upgrade of the Export Technology Structure: Evidence from China. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610283
Yang Y, Wang Q, Gao Y, Zhao L. Does Environmental Regulation Promote the Upgrade of the Export Technology Structure: Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2022; 14(16):10283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610283
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yingzhu, Qunhao Wang, Yang Gao, and Lexiang Zhao. 2022. "Does Environmental Regulation Promote the Upgrade of the Export Technology Structure: Evidence from China" Sustainability 14, no. 16: 10283. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610283