Impacts of Fracture Roughness and Near-Wellbore Tortuosity on Proppant Transport within Hydraulic Fractures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Buildup
2.1. Experiment Setup
2.2. Simulation Setup
2.3. Rough and Tortuous Model Development
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Validation of Numerical Model
3.2. Sand Transport in Rough Fractures
3.2.1. Effect of Slurry Velocity
3.2.2. Effect of Sand Volume Fraction
3.2.3. Effect of Sand Diameter
3.2.4. Effect of Surface Roughness
3.2.5. Effect of the Tortuous Fractures
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
the stress tensors of the fluid | |
the stress tensors of the solid | |
the acceleration of gravity | |
velocity of fluid | |
velocity of solid | |
granular temperature | |
volume fraction of fluid | |
volume fraction of solid | |
density of the fluid | |
density of the solid | |
Cd | the drag coefficient |
d | hydraulic diameter |
ds | the diameter of the particle |
g0 | radial distribution function |
P | pressure of all the phases |
Re | Reynolds number |
Res | Reynolds number of solid |
v | velocity |
β | the Gidaspow drag force coefficient |
μ | viscosity |
μs,col | collisional viscosity |
μs,fri | fractional viscosity |
μs,kin | kinetic viscosity |
μs | shear viscosity of solid |
ρ | density |
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Volumetric Flow Rate (m3/min) | Fracture Height (m) | Fracture Width (mm) | Flow Rate (m/min) | Particle Reynolds Number | Fluid Reynolds Number | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Field Scale | 5–10 | 10–60 | 2–4 | 3.5–167 | 30–5337 | 457–21,929 |
Lab Scale | 0.01–0.25 | 0.3 | 4 | 8.3–208 | 75–6590 | 1096–27,412 |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Slurry velocity, m/min | 12, 24, 36 |
Sand diameter, mm | 0.208, 0.325, 0.425, 0.739 |
Fracture width, mm | 4 |
Fluid viscosity, Pa·s | 0.001 |
Real sand density, kg/m3 | 2600 |
Sand bulk density, kg/m3 | 1500 |
Volume fraction of sand | 7.3% |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
slurry velocity, m/min | 12, 24, 36, 66, 96, 126 |
sand diameter, mm | 0.208, 0.325, 0.425, 0.739 |
fracture width, mm | 4 |
sand volume fraction | 4.7%, 7.3%, 10% |
Ra (fracture roughness) | 0.39, 0.59, 0.79 |
Straight Facture | Tortuous Facture 1 | Tortuous Facture 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
length, m | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
width, m | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
height, m | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
tortuous angle, degree | 120 | 120 | |
tortuous length, m | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
tortuous position, m | 0.75 | 0.2 | |
tortuous width, m | 0.00346 | 0.00346 |
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Wang, D.; Bai, B.; Wang, B.; Wei, D.; Liang, T. Impacts of Fracture Roughness and Near-Wellbore Tortuosity on Proppant Transport within Hydraulic Fractures. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148589
Wang D, Bai B, Wang B, Wei D, Liang T. Impacts of Fracture Roughness and Near-Wellbore Tortuosity on Proppant Transport within Hydraulic Fractures. Sustainability. 2022; 14(14):8589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148589
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Di, Bingyang Bai, Bin Wang, Dongya Wei, and Tianbo Liang. 2022. "Impacts of Fracture Roughness and Near-Wellbore Tortuosity on Proppant Transport within Hydraulic Fractures" Sustainability 14, no. 14: 8589. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148589