Transforming Residential Interiors into Workspaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. RIs in the New-Normal
1.2. Changing the Process of Work: WRIs (Workspaces in Residential Interiors)
2. (Re-)Designing the WRIs with Colour
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- IFI (International Federation of Interior Architecture/Design) IFI Interiors Declaration. Available online: https://ifiworld.org/programs-events/interiors-declaration-adoptions/ (accessed on 20 July 2020).
- Evans, G.W.; McCoy, J.M. When buildings don’t work: The role of architecture in human health. J. Environ. Psychol. 1998, 18, 85–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Honey-Roses, J.; Anguelovski, I.; Bohigas, J.; Chireh, V.; Daher, C.; Konijnendijk, C.; Litt, J.; Mawani, V.; McCall, M.; Orellana, A.; et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on Public Space: A Review of the Emerging Questions. Cities Health 2021, 5 (Suppl. S1), S263–S279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kauppila, T. Interiors of pedagogy. Interiors 2018, 9, 194–206. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kelland, K. World Must Prepare for Inevitable Next Flu Pandemic, WHO Says, Reuters. Available online: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-flu-who/world-must-prepare-for-inevitable-next-flu-pandemic-who-says-idUSKBN1QS1EP (accessed on 20 July 2020).
- Thoring, K.; Desmet, P.; Badke-Schaub, P. Creative environments for design education and practice: A typology of creative spaces. Des. Stud. 2018, 56, 54–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Scott, F. On Altering Architecture; Routledge: London, UK, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Arnheim, R. The Dynamics of Architectural Form; University of California Press: California, CA, USA, 1977. [Google Scholar]
- Martinelli, P.M. Inside the Façade: The Inhabited Space between Domestic and Urban Realms. J. Inter. Des. 2020, 45, 55–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fezi, B.A. Health Engaged Architecture in the Context of COVID-19. J. Green Build. 2020, 15, 185–212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chevallier, F. Le Paris Modern: Histoire des Politiques D’hygiène, 1855–1898; Presses Universitaires de Rennes: Rennes, France, 2010. [Google Scholar]
- Chayka, K. How the Coronavirus Will Reshape Architecture. The New Yorker. Available online: https://www.newyorker.com/culture/dept-of-design/how-the-coronavirus-will-reshape-architecture (accessed on 20 July 2020).
- Office for National Statistics (ONS). Business and Individual Attitudes towards the Future of Homeworking; Office for National Statistics (ONS): London, UK, 2021.
- Seabrook, J. Has the Pandemic Transformed the Office Forever? The New Yorker. Available online: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/02/01/has-the-pandemic-transformed-the-office-forever (accessed on 23 May 2022).
- de Lucas Ancillo, A.; del Val Núñez, M.T.; Gavrila, S.G. Workplace change within the COVID-19 context: A grounded theory approach. Econ. Res. Ekon. Istraživanja 2021, 34, 2297–2316. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boland, B.; De Smet, A.; Palter, R.; Sanghvi, A. Reimagining the Office and Work Life after COVID-19. McKinsey & Company. Available online: http://dln.jaipuria.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3224/1/Reimagining-the-office-and-work-life-after-COVID-19-final.pdf (accessed on 20 July 2020).
- Hill, E.J.; Ferris, M.; Märtinson, V. Does it matter where you work? A comparison of how three work venues (traditional office, virtual office, and home office) influence aspects of work and personal/family life. J. Vocat. Behav. 2003, 63, 220–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwallek, N.; Woodson, H.; Lewis, C.M.; Sales, C. Impact of three interior color schemes on worker mood and performance relative to individual environmental sensitivity. Color Res. Appl. 1997, 22, 121–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bergman, R.; Löngren, P. New Demands in Office Furniture Design for Hybrid Work. Degree Project Design and Product Realisation; KTH Royal Institute of Technology: Stockholm, Sweden, 2021. [Google Scholar]
- Kwallek, N.; Lewis, M.C.; Lin-Hsiao, J.M.D.; Woodson, H. Effects of nine monochromatic office interior colors on clerical tasks and worker mood. Color Res. Appl. 1996, 21, 448–458. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwallek, N.; Soon, K.; Woodson, H.; Alexander, J.L. Effect of color schemes and environmental sensitivity on job satisfaction and perceived performance. Percept. Mot. Ski. 2005, 101, 473–486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwallek, N.; Soon, K.; Lewis, C.M. Work week productivity, visual complexity, and individual environmental sensitivity in three offices of different color interiors. Color Res. Appl. 2007, 32, 130–143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Küller, R.; Mikellides, B.; Janssens, J. Color, arousal, and performance—A comparison of three experiments. Color Res. Appl. 2009, 34, 141–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Öztürk, E.; Yılmazer, S.; Ural, S.E. The effects of achromatic and chromatic color schemes on participant’ task performance in and appraisals of an office environment. Color Res. Appl. 2012, 37, 359–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Slatter, P.E.; Whitfield, T.W. Room function and appropriateness judgments of color. Percept Mot. Ski. 1977, 45 (Suppl. S3), 1068–1070. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaya, N.; Crosby, M. Color associations with different building types: An experimental study on American college students. Color Res. Appl. 2006, 31, 67–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wastiels, L.; Schifferstein, H.N.; Heylighen, A.; Wouters, I. Red or rough, what makes materials warmer? Mater Des. 2012, 42, 441–449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Van der Voordt, T.; Bakker, I.; de Boon, J. Color preferences for four different types of spaces. Facilities 2017, 35, 155–169. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ulusoy, B.; Olguntürk, N.; Aslanoğlu, R. Colour semantics in residential interior architecture on different interior types. Color Res. Appl. 2020, 45, 941–952. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vischer, J.C. The effects of the physical environmental on work performance: Towards a model of workspace stress. Stress Health 2007, 23, 175–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ainsworth, R.A.; Simpson, L.; Cassell, D. Effects of three colors in an office interior on mood and performance. Percept. Mot. Ski. 1993, 76, 235–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Setola, B.; Leurs, B. The wild, the pub, the attic and the workplace: A tool for negotiating a shared vision on creative learning spaces. In Proceedings of the 16th International conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE14), Design Education and Human Technology Relations, Enschede, The Netherlands, 4–5 September 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, Y.S. Creative workplace characteristics and innovative start-up companies. Facilities 2016, 34, 413–432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meinel, M.; Maier, L.; Wagner, T.; Voigt, K.I. Designing creativity-enhancing workspaces: A critical look at empirical evidence. J. Technol. Innov. Manag. 2017, 1, 1–12. [Google Scholar]
- Martens, Y. Unlocking Creativity with the Physical Workplace; Center for People and Buildings: Delft, The Netherlands, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Jankowska, M.; Atlay, M. Use of creative space in enhancing students’ engagement. Innov. Educ. Teach. Int. 2008, 45, 271–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dul, J.; Ceylan, C. Work environments for employee creativity. Ergonomics 2011, 54, 12–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thoring, K.; Luippold, C.; Mueller, R.M.; Badke-Schaub, P. Workspaces for Design Education and Practice. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference for Design Education Researchers, Chicago, IL, USA, 28–30 June 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Kwallek, N.; Lewis, C.M.; Robbins, A.S. Effects of office interior color on workers’ mood and productivity. Percept. Mot. Ski. 1988, 66, 123–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taft, C. Color meaning and context: Comparisons of semantic ratings of colors on samples and objects. Color Res. Appl. 1997, 22, 40–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stone, N.J. Environmental view and color for a simulated telemarketing task. J. Environ. Psychol. 2003, 23, 63–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ulusoy, B.; Olguntürk, N.; Aslanoğlu, R. Pairing colours in residential architecture for different interior types. Color Res. Appl. 2021, 46, 1079–1090. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guerin, D.A.; Park, Y.; Yang, S. Development of an instrument to study the meaning of color in interior environments. J. Inter. Des. 1994, 20, 31–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Elnaggar, S.M.; Elhegazy, H. Study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the construction industry in Egypt. Structures 2022, 35, 1270–1277. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhong, S.; Elhegazy, H.; Elzarka, H. Key factors affecting the decision-making process for buildings projects in Egypt. Ain Shams Eng. J. 2022, 13, 101597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yadeta, A.E.; Pandey, D. Analysis of the global impact of the pandemic (COVID-19) on construction industry: Possible scenarios. Curr. Trends Civ. Struct. Eng. 2020, 6, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Anand, P.; Cheong, D.; Sekhar, C. A review of occupancy-based building energy and IEQ controls and its future post-COVID. Sci. Total Environ. 2022, 804, 150249. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yadav, M.; Perumal, M.; Srinivas, M. Analysis on novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using machine learning methods. Chaos Solitons Fractals 2020, 139, 110050. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eshelman, P.E.; Evans, G.W. Home Again: Environmental Predictors of Place Attachment and Self-esteem for New Retirement Community Residents. J. Inter. Des. 2002, 28, 1–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Source | Dependent Variable(s) | Results |
---|---|---|
Kwallek et al. [20] | Mood and performance for clerical tasks | White offices: more proofreading errors. Saturation has different effects on males and females: for females, more depression, confusion, and anger occur in low saturation; however, for males in high saturation. Preference of office colours: beige and white are most preferred whereas orange and purple are less. |
Kwallek et al. [18] | Mood and performance | Red scheme in office interiors caused more dysphoria than the blue-green scheme. Red scheme has more dysphoria than the high screeners in the red scheme. High screeners’ performance is better in red office and low screeners’ performance is better in blue-green. |
Kwallek et al. [21] | Job satisfaction and perceived performance | White and blue-green colour schemes caused higher satisfaction and perceived performance. High and moderate screeners reported higher job satisfaction and perceived performance. |
Kwallek et al. [22] | Work week productivity | Final performances are different from the initials for the three groups, which reveals that time is an important factor in the effects of colour schemes in work environments. |
Küller et al. [23] | Arousal and performance (both for clerical and creative works) | Experiment 1: colourful scheme is more complex and has less unity than the grey one. The participant felt more extroverted in the grey scheme than in the colourful one. Both EKG and EGG are lower in the colourful room. Experiment 2: higher affection and a more closed environment in the red room and higher potency in the blue room were reported. Experiment 3: blue has high potency and red is more pleasant. No difference in performance whereas, in the red room, people who had negative mood checked longer texts with higher percentage of errors. No difference in creativity, but in red office people who had negative mood wrote longer texts. Overall results: chromacity increase complexity but decrease unity. Consistently, blue has higher potency than red. |
Öztürk et al. [24] | Appraisal and task performance | Significant difference on task scores between two colour schemes, no difference in self-reports. Chromatic scheme has positive effect on performance. For appraisals: chromatic interior scheme is more pleasant, attractive, satisfying, and dynamic. Preference was discussed in environmental and social context, because of high percentage of white and off-white colours in real life applications. |
Creative Space Types [6] | RI Space Types | Residential Interior Types | Functions-Activities |
---|---|---|---|
Personal Space | Solitude Space | Bedroom, Workroom, Balcony, Living room, Bathroom, Kid’s room | Working and reflection: reading, writing, praying, self-care (skincare), playing, watching, listening, learning, exercising, etc. |
Collaboration Space | Commune Space | Kitchen, Dining room, Living room, Balcony, Kids’ room, | Sharing and leisure: teaching, learning, playing, watching, listening, family activities, cooking, online shopping, chats, exercise, etc. |
Presentation Space | Interaction Space | Living room, Dining room, Workroom, Balcony, Entrance | Presenting and transferring: video chats, meetings, socially distanced gatherings, welcoming, etc. |
Making Space | Making Space | Kitchen, Balcony, Living room, Workroom | Creating and hands-on experiences: cooking, chats, gardening, DIYs, etc. |
Intermission Space | Enabling Space | Corridors, Entrance, Kitchen, Bathroom, Toilet | Provide facilities: chores, passing by, etc. |
Creative Space Types [6] | RI Space Types | Functions- Activities | RI Types Used as WRIs and Suggested Predominant Colours |
---|---|---|---|
Personal Space | Solitude Space | Working and reflection | Bedroom: Workroom: Balcony: Living room: |
Collaboration Space | Commune Space | Sharing and leisure | Kitchen and Dining room: Living room: Balcony: |
Presentation Space | Interaction Space | Presenting and transferring | Living room: Dining room: Workroom: Balcony: Entrance: |
Making Space | Making Space | Creating and hands-on experiences | Kitchen: Balcony: Living room: Workroom: |
Intermission Space | Enabling Space | Provide facilities | Corridors: Entrance: Kitchen: Bathroom and Toilet: |
Legend for colour codes a: 7.5Y 9/4, b: 5YR 7/4, c: 2.5R 5/4, d: 2.5G 9/4, e: 5YR 7/6 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ulusoy, B.; Aslanoğlu, R. Transforming Residential Interiors into Workspaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8217. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138217
Ulusoy B, Aslanoğlu R. Transforming Residential Interiors into Workspaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability. 2022; 14(13):8217. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138217
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlusoy, Begüm, and Rengin Aslanoğlu. 2022. "Transforming Residential Interiors into Workspaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 8217. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138217