Relationship between Teachers’ Awareness of Disaster Prevention and Concerns about Disaster Preparedness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects and Survey Distribution
2.2. Ethical Approval/Informed Consent
2.3. Disaster Prevention Awareness Scale and Concern Regarding Readiness
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. Questions Related to the Schools’ Disaster Prevention Status and Host Community
3.3. Degree of Concern about Disaster
3.4. Questions Related to Disaster Prevention Awareness and Degree of Concern about Disaster
3.5. Relationship between Disaster Prevention Awareness and the Degree of Concern about Disaster
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Question | Response | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|---|
How many years have you been teaching? | 29.12 | 8.356 | |
How many years have you been working at a special support school? | 21.02 | 11.092 | |
Frequency | Percent | ||
Job title | Principal | 209 | 39.4 |
Sub-principal | 27 | 5.1 | |
Vice-principal | 169 | 31.8 | |
Chief of Education | 1 | 0.2 | |
Chief teacher, Chief in Disaster prevention | 1 | 0.2 | |
Chief teacher, Other than those above | 1 | 0.2 | |
Chief teacher | 33 | 6.2 | |
Chief Health officer | 3 | 0.6 | |
Chief in Disaster prevention/Teacher | 1 | 0.2 | |
Chief in Disaster prevention/Other than those above | 2 | 0.4 | |
Chief in Disaster prevention | 52 | 9.8 | |
Teacher | 25 | 4.7 | |
School health teacher | 3 | 0.6 | |
Other than those above | 4 | 0.8 | |
Gender | Male | 418 | 78.7 |
Female | 113 | 21.3 | |
Have you ever been affected by a natural disaster? | I have not | 339 | 63.8 |
Although there was a disaster, I have never evacuated | 123 | 23.2 | |
I have temporarily evacuated to a shelter | 27 | 5.1 | |
I have lived at an evacuation center | 6 | 1.1 | |
I have been involved in shelter management at my school | 36 | 6.8 | |
Status of infants and students enrolled in the school you are currently working at | Kindergarten | 92 * | 17.3 |
Elementary school | 452 * | 85.1 | |
Junior high school | 447 * | 84.2 | |
High school | 468 * | 87.2 | |
Type of disability affecting students enrolled in the school you are currently working at | Visual impairment | 59 * | 11.1 |
Hearing impairment | 72 * | 13.6 | |
Intellectual disability | 367 * | 69.1 | |
Physical handicap | 177 * | 33.3 | |
Valetudinarian/physical weakness | 84 * | 15.8 | |
Other | 2 * | 0.4 | |
Is power secured in the event of a power outage? | No | 163 | 30.7 |
We own private power generation equipment | 347 | 65.3 | |
Priority can be used for power generation equipment due to agreements, etc. | 6 | 1.1 | |
I do not know | 15 | 2.8 | |
Is communication secured in the event of a communication failure? | No | 307 | 57.8 |
We own equipment capable of mutual communication | 140 | 26.4 | |
We own equipment that allows only unidirectional communication | 34 | 6.4 | |
I do not know | 50 | 9.4 | |
Is a toilet secured in the event of a disaster? | No | 232 | 43.7 |
We own a simple toilet | 240 | 45.2 | |
We own a manhole toilet | 24 | 4.5 | |
We have a toilet that can use pool water and rainwater as washing water when the water is cut off | 29 | 5.5 | |
I do not know | 6 | 1.1 | |
Are facilities that can be used in the event of a disaster, such as LP gas, secured? | No | 247 | 46.5 |
Priority can be used for LP gas equipment, etc. | 78 | 14.7 | |
We have secure equipment that uses cassette stoves, firewood, pellets, etc. as fuel | 188 | 35.4 | |
I do not know | 18 | 3.4 | |
A power outage, water outage, or telephone internet communication failure has occurred. Can someone stay overnight (from after school until breakfast the next day) at the school? | No | 163 | 30.7 |
Yes | 362 | 68.2 | |
Unknown | 6 | 1.1 |
Question | Response | Frequency | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Is the school you are currently working at designated as a welfare shelter? | Yes | 165 | 31.1 |
No | 366 | 68.9 | |
Is your school ready to accept residents in the event of a disaster? | Yes | 197 | 37.1 |
No | 331 | 62.3 | |
Unknown | 3 | 0.6 | |
Does your school interact with local residents? | Once a year | 85 | 16.0 |
Twice a year | 112 | 21.1 | |
Three times a year | 70 | 13.2 | |
Four times a year | 23 | 4.3 | |
Five times or more a year | 176 | 33.1 | |
It does not | 65 | 12.2 | |
Do you carry out training assuming that you will be an evacuation center? | Yes | 82 | 15.4 |
No | 449 | 84.6 | |
Have you decided on the division of roles with local government employees in the event of a disaster? | Yes | 173 | 32.6 |
No | 343 | 64.6 | |
Unknown | 15 | 2.8 | |
Do residents participate in school management? | Yes | 122 | 23.0 |
No | 398 | 75.0 | |
Unknown | 11 | 2.1 | |
Have you ever imagined an issue when your enrolled children are mixed with temporary evacuees? | Yes | 241 | 45.4 |
No | 250 | 47.1 | |
Unknown | 40 | 7.5 | |
Do the residents understand the children in your school? | They understand fully | 18 | 3.4 |
They understand | 283 | 53.3 | |
They don’t understand much | 203 | 38.2 | |
They understand a little | 27 | 5.1 | |
Does the school have a stockpile warehouse? | Yes | 245 | 46.1 |
No | 286 | 54.9 | |
Do you have a stockpile of drinking water? Please circle all that apply. | None | 48 * | 9.0 |
We have plastic bottles | 475 * | 89.5 | |
We have pool water purifiers | 41 * | 7.7 | |
We have a well | 8 * | 1.5 | |
Drinking water is secured through agreements, etc. | 18 * | 3.4 |
Question | Response | Observed N | Expected N | Residual | Chi-Squared | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Are you worried about evacuation guidance for * children in school in the event of a disaster? | Not worried | 154 | 265.5 | −111.5 | 93.652 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 377 | 265.5 | 111.5 | |||
Are you worried about the safety of your children * at school in the event of a disaster? | Not worried | 164 | 265.5 | −101.5 | 77.606 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 367 | 265.5 | 101.5 | |||
Are you worried about the safety of your children * at home in the event of a disaster? | Not worried | 59 | 265.5 | −206.5 | 321.222 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 472 | 265.5 | 206.5 | |||
Are you worried about handing school children over to * their parents in the event of a disaster? | Not worried | 134 | 265.5 | −131.5 | 130.262 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 397 | 265.5 | 131.5 | |||
Are you worried about the behavior of residents during § an evacuation? | Not worried | 105 | 265.5 | −160.5 | 194.051 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 426 | 265.5 | 160.5 | |||
Are you worried about keeping your school’s § facilities safe as a shelter? | Not worried | 123 | 265.5 | −142.5 | 152.966 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 408 | 265.5 | 142.5 | |||
Are you worried about accepting evacuees in your § school as a shelter? | Not worried | 94 | 265.5 | −191.5 | 221.561 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 437 | 265.5 | 191.5 | |||
Are you worried about getting water and food in § your school as a shelter? | Not worried | 104 | 265.5 | −161.5 | 196.476 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 427 | 265.5 | 161.5 | |||
Do you worry about shelter hygiene? ¶ | Not worried | 53 | 265.5 | −212.5 | 340.160 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 478 | 265.5 | 212.5 | |||
Are you worried about infectious disease control ¶ at shelters? | Not worried | 33 | 265.5 | −232.5 | 407.203 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 498 | 265.5 | 232.5 | |||
Are you worried about accepting pets in shelters? ¶ | Not worried | 93 | 265.5 | −172.5 | 224.153 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 438 | 265.5 | 172.5 | |||
Are you worried about how to accept and ¶ distribute relief supplies? | Not worried | 102 | 265.5 | −163.5 | 201.373 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 429 | 265.5 | 163.5 | |||
Are you worried about the establishment of an ǁ autonomous organization that operates evacuation centers? | Not worried | 106 | 265.5 | −159.5 | 191.640 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 425 | 265.5 | 159.5 | |||
Are you worried about accepting volunteers to ǁ help? | Not worried | 125 | 265.5 | −140.5 | 148.702 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 406 | 265.5 | 140.5 | |||
Are you worried about the division of evacuation ǂ and educational activities and the development of rules? | Not worried | 102 | 265.5 | −163.5 | 201.373 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 429 | 265.5 | 163.5 | |||
Are you worried about educating children during ǂ an evacuation? | Not worried | 81 | 265.5 | −184.5 | 256.424 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 450 | 265.5 | 184.5 | |||
Are you worried about school events being ǂ evacuated? | Not worried | 155 | 265.5 | −110.5 | 91.979 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 376 | 265.5 | 110.5 | |||
Are you worried about managing evacuees moving ǁ in and out of evacuation centers? | Not worried | 127 | 265.5 | −138.5 | 144.499 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 404 | 265.5 | 138.5 | |||
Are you worried about collecting information about ǁ shelters and supplies? | Not worried | 91 | 265.5 | −174.5 | 229.380 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 440 | 265.5 | 174.5 | |||
Are you worried about managing evacuees’ pets ǂ? | Not worried | 81 | 265.5 | −184.5 | 256.424 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 450 | 265.5 | 184.5 | |||
Are you worried about trouble between evacuees ǁ and solutions? | Not worried | 65 | 265.5 | −200.5 | 302.827 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 466 | 265.5 | 200.5 | |||
Are you worried about your child’s mental care? * | Not worried | 34 | 265.5 | −231.5 | 403.708 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 497 | 265.5 | 231.5 | |||
Are you worried about managing your child’s diet * and exercise (play)? | Not worried | 54 | 265.5 | −211.5 | 336.966 a | 0.000 |
Worried | 477 | 265.5 | 211.5 |
Major Categories | Sub-Categories (Scores) | Mean ± SD |
---|---|---|
Disaster Prevention Awareness Scale | Imagination of the disaster situation (A score) | 14.01 ± 2.334 |
A sense of crisis (B score) | 19.94 ± 2.712 | |
Being other-oriented (C score) | 16.05 ± 3.202 | |
Interest in disasters (D score) | 18.47 ± 2.547 | |
Anxiety (E score) | 14.59 ± 3.405 | |
Total | 83.09 ± 8.492 | |
Degree of Concern about Disaster | Child management | 19.17 ± 3.341 |
Life saving | 12.41 ± 2.340 | |
Life maintenance | 13.30 ± 2.145 | |
Evacuation shelter management | 15.49 ± 3.815 | |
School management | 12.53 ± 2.402 | |
Total | 72.91 ± 10.608 |
Correlation between Disaster Prevention Awareness and Degree of Concern about Disaster | Child Management | Life Saving | Life Maintenance | Evacuation Shelter Management | School Management | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r (p-Value) | r (p-Value) | r (p-Value) | r (p-Value) | r (p-Value) | r (p-Value) | |
Imagination of the Disaster Situation (A Score) | −0.031 (0.476) | −0.150 (0.001) ** | −0.115 (0.008) ** | −0.179 (0.000) ** | −0.139 (0.001) ** | −0.148 (0.001) ** |
A Sense of Crisis (B Score) | 0.262 (0.000) ** | 0.227 (0.000) ** | 0.261 (0.000) ** | 0.237 (0.000) ** | 0.182 (0.000) ** | 0.283 (0.000) ** |
Other-Oriented (C Score) | 0.087 (0.044) * | 0.087 (0.046) * | 0.080 (0.066) | 0.036 (0.407) | 0.086 (0.049) * | 0.083 (0.057) |
Interest in Disasters (D Score) | 0.081 (0.062) | 0.058 (0.184) | 0.028 (0.514) | 0.048 (0.265) | 0.033 (0.452) | 0.056 (0.194) |
Anxiety (E Score) | 0.332 (0.000) ** | 0.276 (0.000) ** | 0.227 (0.000) ** | 0.220 (0.000) ** | 0.161 (0.000) ** | 0.297 (0.000) ** |
Total | 0.261 (0.000) ** | 0.205 (0.000) ** | 0.187 (0.000) ** | 0.141 (0.001) ** | 0.116 (0.008) ** | 0.217 (0.000) ** |
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Kawasaki, H.; Yamasaki, S.; Kurokawa, M.; Tamura, H.; Sonai, K. Relationship between Teachers’ Awareness of Disaster Prevention and Concerns about Disaster Preparedness. Sustainability 2022, 14, 8211. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138211
Kawasaki H, Yamasaki S, Kurokawa M, Tamura H, Sonai K. Relationship between Teachers’ Awareness of Disaster Prevention and Concerns about Disaster Preparedness. Sustainability. 2022; 14(13):8211. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138211
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawasaki, Hiromi, Satoko Yamasaki, Mina Kurokawa, Hiroshi Tamura, and Kei Sonai. 2022. "Relationship between Teachers’ Awareness of Disaster Prevention and Concerns about Disaster Preparedness" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 8211. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138211
APA StyleKawasaki, H., Yamasaki, S., Kurokawa, M., Tamura, H., & Sonai, K. (2022). Relationship between Teachers’ Awareness of Disaster Prevention and Concerns about Disaster Preparedness. Sustainability, 14(13), 8211. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138211