Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective: Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background of Study
1.2. Literature Review
1.2.1. Flood Disaster
1.2.2. Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
1.2.3. Social Support
1.2.4. Adaptation
1.3. Research Contribution
1.4. Study Objective
- (a)
- To examine the forms of social support and collective cooperation shown by experts in flood disaster management.
- (b)
- To identify the adaptation efforts undertaken by the authorities after the 2014 flood disaster.
1.5. Manuscript Organization
2. Scenario of 2014 Flood Disaster
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Sampling Procedure
3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Study Area
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. The Importance of Social Support
4.1.1. Emotional Support
4.1.2. Instrumental Support
4.1.3. Information Support
4.2. Collective Cooperation from Flood Management Teams
4.3. Post-Disaster Adaptation Efforts
4.3.1. Construction of Concrete Embankments
4.3.2. Construction of Stone Block Fortress
4.3.3. Restoring and Improving a Drainage Ditch Systems
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | States and Regions | Number of Deaths | An Estimate of the Number of Victims |
---|---|---|---|
1965 | Kelantan and Terengganu | 6 | 300,000 |
1967 | Kelantan, Terengganu and Perak | 50 | 125,000 |
1971 | Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak and Selangor (Klang) | 61 | 243,000 |
1993 | Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Selangor (Klang), Johor (Muar) and Sabah | 30 | 20,000 |
2006 | Kelantan, Terengganu, Perak, Selangor (Klang) and Johor (Muar & Batu Pahat) | 52 | 244,051 |
2013 | Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang | 17 | 220,000 |
2014 | Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Perak and Johor | 25 | 500,000 |
States | Width of the Area (km2) | Total of Population (Year of 2000) | Flood-Prone Area (km2) | Population Affected by Flood (Year of 2002) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Perlis | 795 | 198,335 | 26.74 | 12,736 |
Kedah | 9425 | 1,572,107 | 209.44 | 117,368 |
Pulau Pinang | 1030 | 1,225,501 | 206.83 | 342,524 |
Perak | 21,005 | 2,030,382 | 662.84 | 275,374 |
Selangor | 7955 | 3,947,527 | 1788.70 | 669,217 |
Kuala Lumpur | 243 | 1,297,526 | 13.18 | 157,302 |
Negeri Sembilan | 6643 | 830,080 | 129.48 | 40,887 |
Melaka | 1651 | 602,867 | 80.85 | 27,811 |
Johor | 18,986 | 2,565,701 | 2366.71 | 290,570 |
Pahang | 35,965 | 1,231,176 | 6271.62 | 615,128 |
Terengganu | 12,955 | 879,691 | 2222.87 | 425,396 |
Kelantan | 14,920 | 1,289,199 | 1640.38 | 714,287 |
Year | Date | States (Regions) * | Level (m) ** |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | 10 May 2010 | Sabah (Kota Kinabalu) | Up to 3.0 |
14 August 2010 | Kedah (Sik) | Up to 2.2 | |
19 August 2010 | Negeri Sembilan (Jelebu) | Up to 1.5 | |
27 September 2010 | Perak (Hulu Perak) | Up to 1.5 | |
2 November 2010–8 November 2010 | Kelantan (Pasir Mas) | Up to 1.5 | |
14 November 2010 | Perak (Kinta) | Up to 1.2 | |
9 December 2010 | Sabah (Tawau) | Up to 1.5 | |
2011 | 28 March 2011–30 March 2011 | Kedah (Baling) | 0.5–1.0 |
21 November 2011 | Negeri Sembilan (Jelebu) | 0.5–1.0 | |
21 November 2011–22 November 2011 | Terengganu (Setiu) | 0.3–1.2 | |
22 November 2011–24 November 2011 | Kelantan (Machang) | 0.5–1.5 | |
2 December 2011 | Selangor (Hulu Langat) | 0.5–1.5 | |
13 December 2011 | WP (Kuala Lumpur) | 0.5–3.0 | |
2012 | 7 March 2012 | Selangor (Hulu Langat) | 0.3–1.5 |
7 May 2012 | Selangor (Hulu Selangor) | 0.5–2.0 | |
31 October 2012 | Selangor (Klang) | 0.5–1.0 | |
24 November 2012 | Kedah (Baling) | 0.5–1.0 | |
2 December 2012 | Negeri Sembilan (Tampin) | 0.5–1.0 | |
24 December 2012 | Pahang (Kuantan) | Up to 1.2 | |
2013 | 23 October 2013 | Pahang (Cameron Highland) | 1.5–2.5 |
4 December 2013–5 December 2013 | Terengganu (Marang) | 0.3–1.2 | |
4 December 2013–6 December 2013 | Terengganu (Kemaman) | 0.3–1.5 | |
24 December 2013 | Selangor (Petaling & Gombak) | 0.5–1.0 | |
2014 | 12 February 2014–15 February 2014 | Sabah (Tenom) | 0.2–2.5 |
2 November 2014 | Kedah (Baling) | 0.5–1.0 | |
23 November 2014 | Perlis (Arau) | 0.3–0.5 | |
23 November 2014–24 November 2014 | Kedah (Kubang Pasu) | 0.5–1.0 | |
15 December 2014–19 December 2014 | Terengganu (Besut) | 0.3–1.8 | |
16 December 2014 | Terengganu (Kemaman) | 0.3–1.8 | |
17 December 2014–19 December 2014 | Kelantan (Gua Musang) | Up to 3.5 | |
22 December 2014–24 December 2014 | Kelantan (Galas & Machang) | Up to 4.0 | |
22 December 2014–26 December 2014 | Pahang | 0.3–1.1 | |
22 December 2014–28 December 2014 | Pahang (Bera) | 0.6–1.5 | |
23 December 2014–31 December 2014 | Perak (Kuala Kangsar/Hulu Perak) | 0.3–1.8 | |
25 December 2014 | Kelantan (Kota Bharu) | Up to 3.5 | |
25 December 2014–28 December 2014 | Kelantan (Tanah Merah) | 1.0–8.0 | |
26 December 2014 | Johor (Kluang) | 0.3–0.6 |
States | Number of Flood Incidents | Average Daily Rainfall (mm) | Total of Victims (Person) | Maximum Flood Depth (m) | Estimated Loses (RM) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perlis | 19 | 156 | 458 | 0.5 | - |
Kedah | 33 | 201 | 1706 | 1.5 | 12,685,000 |
Pulau Pinang | 20 | 158 | - | 1.5 | - |
Perak | 52 | 159 | 4421 | 1.8 | 6,946,500 |
Kelantan | 49 | 514 | 319,156 | 7.0 | 36,394,000 |
Terengganu | 19 | 413 | 62,281 | 1.8 | 18,600,000 |
Pahang | 27 | 537 | 69,728 | 2.5 | 13,570,000 |
Selangor | 92 | 144 | 308 | 1.0 | - |
Melaka | 11 | 148 | 96 | 0.6 | - |
N. Sembilan | 14 | 101 | - | 1.2 | 7,650,000 |
Johor | 8 | 267 | 1677 | 0.6 | - |
Sabah | 13 | 159 | 8059 | 4.0 | 122,450,000 |
Sarawak | 14 | 193 | 388 | 1.5 | - |
WP KL | 7 | 87 | - | 0.6 | - |
WP Labuan | 3 | - | - | 1.0 | - |
Total | 381 | - | 468,278 | - | 218,295,500 |
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Yusoff, S.; Yusoff, N.H. Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective: Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster. Sustainability 2022, 14, 7405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127405
Yusoff S, Yusoff NH. Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective: Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster. Sustainability. 2022; 14(12):7405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127405
Chicago/Turabian StyleYusoff, Sarina, and Nur Hafizah Yusoff. 2022. "Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective: Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster" Sustainability 14, no. 12: 7405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127405