Urban Strategies Enabling Industrial and Urban Symbiosis: The Case of Slovenia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Does IS and/or UrS Arise Spontaneously or Is It Planned?
1.2. Research on IS and/or UrS in Slovenia
2. Materials and Methods
- Does the company use an internal waste exchange model?
- Does the company use an external waste exchange model?
- Does the company use the generated by-products model?
- Does the company use the generated by-products model for internal use?
- Does the company use the generated model of by-products from external sources?
- Does the company use a business activity model based on IS, such as the online platform for waste exchange between companies?
- Does the company use an IS business model which focuses on product manufacturing?
3. Results
3.1. Towards Awarness of IS and/or UrS in Slovenia
3.2. Waste Management in Slovenia
- Article 42: Waste processors (with an environmental permit for waste processing);
- Article 42: Waste manufacturers (with an environmental permit for waste disposal);
- Article 30: Waste collectors (with a certificate of entry in the register of waste collectors);
- Article 53: Waste managers (with a certificate of entry in the register of waste managers);
- Article 50: Waste dealers (with a certificate of entry in the register of waste dealers).
3.2.1. Waste to Energy
3.2.2. Byproducts as Energy Fuels or Material Reuse
- The IS model is based on byproducts (non-waste residues);
- In 2018, the Sij Group took over the activity and equipment for slag processing of the company Harsco Minerali d.o.o., with which it has already been working closely. The purpose of the acquisition was to consolidate the Sij Group’s operations according to the principles of circular economy and vertical integration, as slag—a by-product of steel production—will now be processed by Sij Acroni itself for reuse in production or marketed as input for other industries. In the business model, this means the transition from the model of the company (Harsco Minerali d.o.o.), whose business initiatives are based on IS or IS is the main activity performed by the company, to the model of IS, where the created by-products are used in internal process or are only one part of the company’s activities. The aim of the Sij Group is to close material cycles.
3.3. Urban Policies on IS and/or UrS
4. Discussion
- Locations of economic operators;
- Locations of degraded urban areas and
- Locations of business zones.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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National Documents | Networks | EU and Other Projects | Conferences | Cities’ Activities | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | Slovenian Industrial Policy (SIP) | Industrial Symbiosis as an Opportunity for Slovenia | |||
2014 | Efficient Use of Resources: Towards the Slovenian Action Plan | Green Industrial Areas: Innovative Approaches in Urbanism | |||
2015 | Framework Programme for the Transition to a Green Economy of Slovenia | ||||
Slovenia’s Smart Specialisation Strategy | |||||
Vision of Slovenia 2050 | |||||
2016 | Waste Management Programme and Waste Prevention Programme of the Republic of Slovenia | Project work with the business and non-business community in the local and regional environment | |||
European Circular Construction Alliance: adopting Circular Economy for internationalization and global competitiveness of European SMEs in Building and Construction | |||||
CEL.KROG | |||||
2017 | Slovenian Development Strategy 2030 | e-Simbioza | Symbi project | The use of waste as a secondary raw material—accelerating the transition to a circular economy with IS | Circular Exchange |
Cities and the Circular Economy—From urban cases and policies to new opportunities for cooperation | |||||
LUMAT | Let’s cooperate. We’re networking. Let’s shape … Future | ||||
Circular Economy and IS: Incentives, Key Factors and Challenges | |||||
Partnerships for the Green Economy of Slovenia entitled: Good practices of the circular economy in the Gorenjska region and networking with other actors in Slovenia | |||||
2018 | |||||
2019 | |||||
2020 | Meet European regional strategies for sustainable development through industrial symbiosis |
Kranj (n) | Celje (n) | Novo Mesto (n) | Nova Gorica (n) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Processing | 16 | 12 | 11 | 5 |
Disposal | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
Collectors | 6 | 12 | 4 | 4 |
Managers | 5 | 20 | 5 | 4 |
Dealers | 8 | 21 | 5 | 8 |
Ljubljana | Novo Mesto | Slovenj Gradec | Velenje | Kranj | Maribor | Ptuj | Celje | Koper | Nova Gorica | Murska Sobota | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
industrial symbiosis (IS) | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
circular economy | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
industrial ecology (IE) | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
eco-industrial park (EIP) | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
industrial ecosystems | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
urban symbiosis | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
environmental management | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
synergy | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
green economy | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
green governance | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
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Ažman Momirski, L.; Mušič, B.; Cotič, B. Urban Strategies Enabling Industrial and Urban Symbiosis: The Case of Slovenia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094616
Ažman Momirski L, Mušič B, Cotič B. Urban Strategies Enabling Industrial and Urban Symbiosis: The Case of Slovenia. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094616
Chicago/Turabian StyleAžman Momirski, Lucija, Barbara Mušič, and Boštjan Cotič. 2021. "Urban Strategies Enabling Industrial and Urban Symbiosis: The Case of Slovenia" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4616. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094616