Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- RQ1:
- What is the current status-quo regarding research on the management of ethical aspects of AI?
- RQ2:
- What are potential gaps and directions for future research on this topic?
2. Challenges for Research and Practice
3. Understanding the Role of AI as an Ethical Phenomenon
- The degree and velocity of self-learning;
- The degree of AI’s impact on humans.
4. Conceptualization of Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence in Organizations
4.1. Managerial Decisions
4.2. Ethical Considerations
4.3. Environmental Dimensions
5. Applying the Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence Framework
5.1. Operationalization of Managerial Decisions
5.2. Operationalization of Ethical Considerations
5.3. Operationalization of Environmental Dimensions
5.4. Reflections on Future Research Opportunities
5.4.1. Political
5.4.2. Economic
5.4.3. Social
5.4.4. Technological
5.4.5. Environmental
5.4.6. Legal
6. Discussion
7. Limitations and Avenues for Future Research
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Ethics Sub-Stream | Philosophical Approach | Principles | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Antinatalism | Metaphysical antinatalism Modern antinatalism (Schopenhauer) | Why we should not create new humans | [74] |
Modern hermeneutics and existential philosophy | Being and Time (Heidegger) | Hermeneutic Phenomenology Ontological approach | [49] |
Ethics Sub-Stream | Philosophical Approach | Principles | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Consequentialist Actions ethical if outcome viewed as beneficial | Max Weber: Ethics of Conviction | Tradition Institutionalized patterns Charisma Leaders’ persuasiveness Legal Legitimacy by adhering to impersonal rules and universal principles subject to suitable legal–rational reasoning | [95,96] |
Deontological Actions ethical if adhering to institutional rules, regulations, laws, and norms—including socially accepted norms | Max Weber: Ethics of Responsibility —>Great Principles of Justice (Norbert Wiener) | Societies should be built on:
| |
Virtues (Plato and Socrates) Character of a moral agent as driving force; actions as a reflection of the moral character | Plato’s virtues |
| [97] |
Ethics Sub-Stream | Philosophical Approach | Principles | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Computer and Information Ethics | Great Principles of Justice (Norbert Wiener) |
| [98] |
Ethics methodology of Norbert Wiener: |
| ||
Recently introduced topics of business ethics |
| ||
Kantian artificial moral agents | According to Categorical Imperative | [70] |
Ethics Sub-Stream | Philosophical Approach | Principles | Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Wrong ethical action → Consequence → Function of punishments | Absolute punishment theory (Kant/Hegel) Punishment necessary | Retaliation theory Atonement theory Theory of debt settlement | [99] |
Relative punishment theory Punishment necessary to avoid repetition of wrong actions | Specialized prevention e.g., imprisoning → preventing further actions Resocialization Improving General prevention Change societal means | ||
Purpose/Deliberation of Action |
| [54] | |
Individuals’ actions | Reasoning | Cognitive Control Emotional/Affective | [55] |
Perspectives | Individual Organizational Societal | [100] |
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Brendel, A.B.; Mirbabaie, M.; Lembcke, T.-B.; Hofeditz, L. Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041974
Brendel AB, Mirbabaie M, Lembcke T-B, Hofeditz L. Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence. Sustainability. 2021; 13(4):1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041974
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrendel, Alfred Benedikt, Milad Mirbabaie, Tim-Benjamin Lembcke, and Lennart Hofeditz. 2021. "Ethical Management of Artificial Intelligence" Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1974. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041974