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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 16
10.3390/su13169444
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Article

Quantifying Food Loss and Waste in Saudi Arabia

by
Zaid Alshabanat
1,*,
Abdulrahman Alkhorayef
2,
Hedi Ben Haddad
2,
Imed Mezghani
2,
Abdessalem Gouider
2,
Adel Tlili
2,
Mohamed. A. Allouche
3 and
Kais A. Gannouni
2
1
National Program for the Reduction of Food Loss and Waste, Saudi Grains Organization (SAGO), Riyadh 12343, Saudi Arabia
2
College of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 12343, Saudi Arabia
3
College of Business Administration, Northern Border University, Arar 9280, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Felicitas Schneider, Stefan Lange and Thomas Schmidt
Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 9444; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169444
Received: 5 July 2021 / Revised: 8 August 2021 / Accepted: 11 August 2021 / Published: 23 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue National Food Loss and Waste Prevention Strategies and Monitoring Approaches—an Interdisciplinary Challenge for Decision Makers, Researchers and Practice)
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Abstract

Using the FAO model calculations proposed by Gustavsson et al. (2013) and FAO (2014), food loss and waste (FLW) is measured in Saudi Arabia with a special focus on wheat, rice, dates, poultry, vegetables, fruits, fish, and meat. Results show that the overall FLW rate is 33.1%, where the food loss rate is 14.2%, and the food waste rate is 18.9%. Acceding to the disaggregated results, we find that FLW rates are distributed as follows: 29.7% for wheat, 33.6% for rice, 21.4%, for dates 29.1% for poultry, 39.5% for vegetables, 39.6% for fruits, 33% for fish, and 31.3% for meat. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12.3) target is to reduce the rates of food loss and waste by 50% in 2030, and to help achieve that goal, we employed a nonlinear optimisation simulation model with the objective function of reducing FLW by 50% over the period 2020–2030. Based on the findings achieved, recommendations are made to cover the various aspects of the whole food supply chain (FSC) and to aim at more efficiency and higher levels of productivity. Our findings have significant implications by estimating the FLW baseline indicator and providing the different stakeholders of FSC with the optimal actions to do to reduce FLW rates. View Full-Text
Keywords: food loss and waste; Saudi baseline; FLW quantification food loss and waste; Saudi baseline; FLW quantification
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MDPI and ACS Style

Alshabanat, Z.; Alkhorayef, A.; Ben Haddad, H.; Mezghani, I.; Gouider, A.; Tlili, A.; Allouche, M.A.; Gannouni, K.A. Quantifying Food Loss and Waste in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9444. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169444

AMA Style

Alshabanat Z, Alkhorayef A, Ben Haddad H, Mezghani I, Gouider A, Tlili A, Allouche MA, Gannouni KA. Quantifying Food Loss and Waste in Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2021; 13(16):9444. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169444

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alshabanat, Zaid, Abdulrahman Alkhorayef, Hedi Ben Haddad, Imed Mezghani, Abdessalem Gouider, Adel Tlili, Mohamed. A. Allouche, and Kais A. Gannouni. 2021. "Quantifying Food Loss and Waste in Saudi Arabia" Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9444. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169444

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