Comparative Study of Computational Models for Reducing Air Pollution through the Generation of Negative Ions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Air Purification System through Negative Ions
2.1.1. Design of Voltage Multiplier
2.1.2. Experimental Setup and Data Collection
- Gasoline: carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon molecules;
- Cigarette: nicotine, tar, arsenic, lead, polyaromatic hydrocarbons;
- Incense: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and formaldehyde.
2.2. Computational Modeling of the Effects of Ionization in the Reduction of PM 2.5 Particles
2.2.1. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
2.2.2. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Model
2.2.3. Vector Support Machine (SVM)
2.2.4. Model Performance Measuring
- Root Mean Square Error (RMSE):
- Mean Absolute Error (MAE):
3. Results
3.1. Factorial Design of the Experiment
3.2. Comparison of the Obtained Computational Models
3.3. Discussion of Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pollutant | Method | RMSE Error | MAE Error |
---|---|---|---|
Cigarette | ANN | 0.3957 | 0.1915 |
KNN | 0.3906 | 0.1733 | |
SVM | 0.4746 | 0.2594 | |
Incense | ANN | 0.4758 | 0.4511 |
KNN | 0.3900 | 0.1718 | |
SVM | 1.1167 | 0.5616 | |
Gasoline | ANN | 0.4636 | 0.2426 |
KNN | 0.4615 | 0.1925 | |
SVM | 0.5298 | 0.4092 |
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Ortiz-Grisales, P.; Patiño-Murillo, J.; Duque-Grisales, E. Comparative Study of Computational Models for Reducing Air Pollution through the Generation of Negative Ions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137197
Ortiz-Grisales P, Patiño-Murillo J, Duque-Grisales E. Comparative Study of Computational Models for Reducing Air Pollution through the Generation of Negative Ions. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137197
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrtiz-Grisales, Paola, Julián Patiño-Murillo, and Eduardo Duque-Grisales. 2021. "Comparative Study of Computational Models for Reducing Air Pollution through the Generation of Negative Ions" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137197