A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Critical Thinking in Social Education Degree Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Ethical Approval
2.2. Participants
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Procedure
3. Results
3.1. Quantitative Analysis
3.2. Qualitative Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Betancourth-Zambrano, S. Evaluación del Pensamiento Crítico en Estudiantes de Psicología. Editorial Universidad de Nariño, 2020. Available online: http://sired.udenar.edu.co/6847/1/evaluacion_pensamiento_critico_est-psicologia.pdf (accessed on 2 May 2021).
- Bezanilla-Albisua, M.J.; Poblete-Ruiz, M.; Fernández-Nogueira, D.; Arranz-Turnes, S.; Campo-Carrasco, L. El Pensamiento Crítico desde la Perspectiva de los Docentes Universitarios. Estud. Pedagógicos 2018, 44, 89–113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Olivares Olivares, S.L.; López Cabrera, M.V. Validación de un instrumento para evaluar la autopercepción del pensa-miento crítico en estudiantes de medicina. Rev. Electrónica Investig. Educ. 2017, 19, 67–77. [Google Scholar]
- UNESCO. Conferencia Mundial Sobre Educación Superior: La Educación Superior en el Siglo XXI. Visión y Acción. Tomo I, Informe Final. UNESCO, 1998. Available online: https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/ess/index.php/ess3/article/view/171/162 (accessed on 2 May 2021).
- Paul, R.; Elder, L. The Nature and Functions of Critical & Creative Thinking; Rowman & Littlefield Publishers: Lanham, MD, USA, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Riggs, L.W.; Hellyer-Riggs, S. Development and Motivation in/for Critical Thinking. J. Coll. Teach. Learn. 2014, 11, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Shpeizer, R. Teaching critical thinking as a vehicle for personal and social transformation. Res. Educ. 2018, 100, 32–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Velasco Arias, G. Crítica del critical thinking. Un análisis de la transformación del significado ilustrado de “crítica” en el discurso empresarial sobre la educación. Rev. Prism. Soc. 2019, 25, 277–298. [Google Scholar]
- World Economic Forum. The Future of Jobs Report: 2020. Available online: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2020.pdf (accessed on 2 May 2021).
- Larsson, K. Understanding and teaching critical thinking—A new approach. Int. J. Educ. Res. 2017, 84, 32–42. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Johnson, R.H.; Hamby, B. A Meta-Level Approach to the Problem of Defining ‘Critical Thinking’. Argumentation 2015, 29, 417–430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moore, T. Critical thinking: Seven definitions in search of a concept. Stud. High. Educ. 2013, 38, 506–522. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sánchez, J.L.S.; Farrán, X.C.; Baiges, E.B.; Suárez-Guerrero, C. Tratamiento crítico de la información de estudiantes universitarios desde los entornos personales de aprendizaje. Educ. Pesqui. 2019, 45, e193355. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Altuve, J.G. El pensamiento crítico y su inserción en la educación superior. Actual. Contab. Faces 2010, 13, 5–18. [Google Scholar]
- Valencia, G.A.G.; Puente, S.M. Representaciones sobre el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en maestros en formación. Rev. Bras. Educ. 2018, 23, 230086. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vélez-Gutiérrez, C.F. Una reflexión interdisciplinar sobre el pensamiento crítico. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos 2013, 2, 11–39. [Google Scholar]
- Dwyer, C.; Hogan, M.J.; Stewart, I. An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century. Think. Ski. Creativity 2014, 12, 43–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Facione, P. Critical Thinking: A Statement of Expert Consensus for Purposes of Educational Assessment and Instruction; The California Academic Press: Millbrae, CA, USA, 1990. [Google Scholar]
- Ennis, R. A taxonomy of critical thinking disposition and abilities. In Teaching Thinking Skills; Baron, J.B., Stemberg, R.J., Eds.; Freeman: New York, NY, USA, 1987; Available online: https://www.scirp.org/(S(oyulxb452alnt1aej1nfow45))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1434431 (accessed on 3 May 2021).
- Febres, M.; Pérez, A.; Africano, B. Las pedagogías alternativas desarrollan el pensamiento crítico. Educere 2017, 21, 269–274. [Google Scholar]
- Paul, R.; Elder, L. Critical thinking: The nature of critical and creative thought. J. Dev. Educ. 2006, 30, 34–35. [Google Scholar]
- Boisvert, J. La Formación del Pensamiento Crítico: Teoría y Práctica; Fondo de Cultura Económica: Mexico City, Mexico, 2004. [Google Scholar]
- Paul, R.; Elder, L. La Mini-Guía Para el Pensamiento Crítico, Conceptos y Herramientas; Dillo Beach: Fundación para el Pensamiento Crítico: Dillon Beach, CA, USA, 2003. [Google Scholar]
- Valenzuela, J.; Nieto, A.M.; Muñoz, C. Motivación y disposiciones: Enfoques alternativos para explicar el desempeño de habilidades de pensamiento crítico. Rev. Electrónica Investig. Educ. 2014, 16, 16–32. [Google Scholar]
- Epstein, R.L. Critical Thinking; Wadsworth Thomas Learning: Belmont, CA, USA, 2006. [Google Scholar]
- Lipman, M. Pensamiento Complejo y Educación; De la Torre: Madrid, Spain, 1998. [Google Scholar]
- Helsdingen, A.S.; Bosch, K.V.D.; Van Gog, T.; van Merrienboer, J. The Effects of Critical Thinking Instruction on Training Complex Decision Making. Hum. Factors J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 2010, 52, 537–545. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- I Morancho, M.V.; Rodríguez Mantilla, J.M. Pensamiento Crítico: Conceptualización y relevancia en el seno de la educación superior. Rev. Educ. Super. 2020, 49, 9–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Braun, H.I.; Shavelson, R.J.; Zlatkin-Troitschanskaia, O.; Borowiec, K. Performance Assessment of Critical Thinking: Conceptualization, Design, and Implementation. Front. Educ. 2020, 5, 156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rodolfa, E.; Greenberg, S.; Hunsley, J.; Smith-Zoeller, M.; Cox, D.; Sammons, M.; Caro, C.; Spivak, H. A competency model for the practice of psychology. Train. Educ. Prof. Psychol. 2013, 7, 71–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Díaz-Larenas, C.H.; Ossa-Cornejo, C.J.; Palma-Luengo, M.R.; Lagos-San Martín, N.G.; Boudon-Araneda, J.I. El concepto de pensamiento crítico según estudiantes chilenos de pedagogía. Sophia Colección Filos. Educ. 2019, 27, 275–296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Aliakbari, M.; Sadeghdaghighi, A. Teachers’ perception of the barriers to critical thinking. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2013, 70, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Asgharheidari, F.; Tahriri, A. A Survey of EFL Teachers’ Attitudes towards Critical Thinking Instruction. J. Lang. Teach. Res. 2015, 6, 388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Ayola Mendoza, M.Y.; Moscote Riveira, E.M. Pensamiento crítico, estrategias para estimularlo e incidencia en la práctica pedagógica en el programa de Licenciatura en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de La Guajira. Rev. Boletín Redipe 2018, 7, 147–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Brodin, E.M. Critical and creative thinking nexus: Learning experiences of doctoral students. Stud. High. Educ. 2014, 41, 971–989. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tamayo, O.E.; Zona, R.; Loaiza, Y.E. El pensamiento crítico en la educación. Algunas categorías centrales en su estudio. Rev. Latinoam. Estud. Educ. 2015, 11, 111–133. [Google Scholar]
- Ossa-Cornejo, C.; Díaz-Mujica, A.; Pérez-Villalobos, M.V.; Costa-Dutra, S.D.; Páez-Rovira, D. El Efecto de un Programa de Pensamiento Crítico en el Sesgo de Representación en Estudiantes de Pedagogía. Psicol. Educ. 2020, 26, 87–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Curone, G.; Alcover, S.; Pabago, G.; Martinez-Frontera, L.; de la Cruz, J.; Colombo, M.E. Habilidades de pensamiento crítico en alumnos ingresantes a la uba que cursan la asignatura psicología. Anu. Investig. 2011, 18, 169–180. [Google Scholar]
- UHU. Facultad de Educación, Psicología y Ciencias del Deporte. Available online: https://www.uhu.es/fedu/?q=iacademica-graedus&op=competencias (accessed on 10 May 2021).
- Hernández Sampieri, R.; Fernández Collado, C.; Baptista Lucio, P. Metodología de la Investigación, 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill: México D.F., Mexico, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Al-Mahrooqi, R.; Denman, C.J. Assessing students’ critical thinking skills in the humanities and sciences colleges of a middle eastern university. Int. J. Instr. 2020, 13, 783–796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tamayo Alzate, O.; Loaiza Zuluaga, Y.; Ruiz Ortega, F. Hacia la construcción de un modelo de pensamiento crítico dominio-específico. Poiésis Rev. Programa Pós-Grad. Educ. 2020, 14, 347–363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moreno Pinado, W.E.; Velázquez Tejada, M.E. Estrategia didáctica para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico. REICE Rev. Iberoam. Sobre Calid. Efic. Cambio Educ. 2017, 15, 53–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Osorio Echeverri, J.P. Pensamiento crítico desde la Psicología cognitiva: Una desarticulación de lo crítico social y sus posibles implicaciones en la formación universitaria de Psicología. Rev. Andin. Educ. 2020, 3, 31–38. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Huber, C.R.; Kuncel, N.R. Does college teach critical thinking? A meta-analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 2016, 86, 431–468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Latorre-Cosculluela, C.; Vázquez-Toledo, S.; Rodríguez-Martínez, A.; Liesa-Orús, M. Design Thinking: Creatividad y pensamiento crítico en la universidad. Rev. Electrónica Investig. Educ. 2020, 22, e28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Svenningsen, L.; Pear, J.J. Effects of computer-aided personalized system of instruction in developing knowledge and critical thinking in blended learning courses. Behav. Anal. Today 2011, 12, 34–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gayazov, A.S.; Zamaletdinova, G.F.; Amirov, A.F.; Kostryukov, A.V.; Tikhomirova, E.I. Modern teaching tendencies of critical thinking forming of university students. Int. Rev. Manag. Mark. 2016, 6, 358–363. [Google Scholar]
- Lanagan-Leitzel, L.; Diller, J.W. Teaching psychological critical thinking using popular media. Scholarsh. Teach. Learn. Psychol. 2018, 4, 120–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Betancourth Zambrano, S. Desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en docentes universitarios. Una mirada cualitativa. Rev. Virtual Univ. Católica Norte 2015, 44, 238–252. [Google Scholar]
14 Likert-Type Questions: |
---|
|
Open Questions: |
---|
|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GC | 1 | |||||||||||||
UF | −0.107 | 1 | ||||||||||||
SF | −0.020 | −0.001 | 1 | |||||||||||
PNU | −0.123 | 0.268 * | −0.154 | 1 | ||||||||||
PU | 0.076 | 0.127 | −0.097 | 0.270 * | 1 | |||||||||
MU | 0.076 | −0.060 | −0.063 | 0.055 | 0.078 | 1 | ||||||||
AU | 0.034 | −0.087 | −0.005 | 0.044 | 0.231 | −0.025 | 1 | |||||||
SP | 0.049 | 0.077 | 0.205 | 0.088 | 0.267 * | −0.016 | 0.019 | 1 | ||||||
D | 0.248 * | 0.064 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.040 | −0.051 | 0.138 | 0.170 | 1 | |||||
TPC | 0.250 * | −0.058 | −0.271 * | −0.066 | 0.098 | 0.099 | 0.275 * | −0.155 | 0.061 | 1 | ||||
PPC | 0.147 | −0.033 | −0.109 | 0.053 | 0.189 | 0.191 | 0.196 | −0.141 | 0.119 | 0.626 ** | 1 | |||
A | 0.212 | −0.153 | 0.174 | 0.064 | 0.108 | −0.036 | −0.037 | 0.170 | −0.092 | −0.140 | −0.030 | 1 | ||
USIPC | 0.243 * | −0.097 | 0.049 | −0.111 | 0.151 | 0.000 | 0.015 | 0.087 | 0.104 | 0.314 ** | 0.260 * | 0.258 * | 1 | |
CPS | 0.047 | 0.179 | 0.270 * | 0.124 | 0.166 | −0.128 | 0.063 | 0.244 * | 0.334 ** | −0.231 | −0.071 | 0.174 | −0.013 | 1 |
Abilities | Dispositions | Knowledge |
---|---|---|
|
|
|
Words | Frequencies | Words | Frequencies | Words | Frequencies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Capacity | 22 | Search | 2 | Inquire | 1 |
Get informed | 18 | Change | 2 | Take an interest | 1 |
Analyse | 17 | Create | 2 | ||
Know | 13 | Differentiate | 2 | Judge | 1 |
Reflect | 8 | Learn | 1 | Justify | 1 |
Questioning | 7 | Assertive | 1 | Freedom | 1 |
Influence | 6 | Compare | 1 | Propose | 1 |
Give an opinion | 6 | Communicate | 1 | Position ourselves | 1 |
Understand | 5 | Decide | 1 | ||
Express | 5 | Define | 1 | Reasoning | 1 |
Contrast | 4 | Debug | 1 | Sincerity | 1 |
Interpret | 4 | Doubt | 1 | Value | 1 |
Rethink | 4 | Evaluate | 1 | Verify | 1 |
Argue | 3 | Guide | 1 | ||
Order | 3 |
Categorization According to the Elements Established by the Research | ||
---|---|---|
Abilities | Dispositions | Knowledge |
|
|
|
Words | Frequencies | Words | Frequencies | Words | Frequencies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ability | 17 | Consistency | 3 | Sincere | 2 |
Cultured | 15 | Influential | 3 | Calm | 1 |
Reflective | 12 | Logic | 3 | Consistent | 1 |
Analytical | 11 | Reasoning | 3 | Fair | 1 |
Knowledge | 9 | Active | 2 | Fighter | 1 |
Empathetic | 8 | Awareness | 2 | Freedom | 1 |
Curious | 6 | Charisma | 2 | Good | 1 |
Intelligence | 6 | Competent | 2 | Humble | 1 |
Assertive | 5 | Contrast | 2 | Independent | 1 |
Objectivity | 5 | Determined | 2 | interpersonal | 1 |
Open | 5 | Educated | 2 | interpretation | 1 |
Autonomy | 4 | Flexibility | 2 | intrapersonal | 1 |
Interest | 4 | Maturity | 2 | Leader | 1 |
Personality | 4 | Researcher | 2 | Outgoing | 1 |
Confidence | 3 | Security | 2 | Responsibility | 1 |
Self-awareness | 1 | ||||
Understanding | 1 |
Words | Frequencies |
---|---|
teachers | 38 |
studies | 34 |
family | 33 |
friends | 11 |
All | 8 |
books | 6 |
experiences | 4 |
circumstances | 2 |
society | 2 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
García-Moro, F.J.; Gómez-Baya, D.; Muñoz-Silva, A.; Martín-Romero, N. A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Critical Thinking in Social Education Degree Students. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126865
García-Moro FJ, Gómez-Baya D, Muñoz-Silva A, Martín-Romero N. A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Critical Thinking in Social Education Degree Students. Sustainability. 2021; 13(12):6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126865
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarcía-Moro, Francisco José, Diego Gómez-Baya, Alicia Muñoz-Silva, and Nuria Martín-Romero. 2021. "A Qualitative and Quantitative Study on Critical Thinking in Social Education Degree Students" Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126865