An Assessment Method of Urban Traffic Crash Severity Considering Traveling Delay and Non-Essential Fuel Consumption of Third Parties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Classification of Traffic Crash Severity
2.1. China
2.2. Some Developed Countries
- (i)
- The simplest classification. According to injury degree of casualties, traffic crashes are divided into fatal, serious injury, and slight injury crashes. This classification method is stilled used in Japan;
- (ii)
- The KABCO classification. It is the most widely used classification in the United States, which includes fatal injury (K), incapacitating injury (A), non-incapacitating injury (B), possible injury (C), and property damage only (O) (AASHTO, 2010);
- (iii)
- The abbreviated injury scale (AIS) classification. It was created by the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine and is universally accepted as the foundation of injury severity scaling systems [22]. The AIS level is determined for nine different body regions, which includes minor (1), moderate (2), serious (3), severe (4), critical (5), and unsurvivable (6). The maximum of the AIS scores for each region of the body is called MAIS, which is usually applied to evaluate the overall severity of various injuries;
- (iv)
- The injury severity score (ISS). The ISS is an anatomically based ordinal scale (within a range from 1 to 75) that provides an overall score for patients with multiple injuries [23]. An AIS is assigned to each injury within every single one of six body regions (i.e., head, face, chest, abdomen, extremities (including pelvis), external), and the highest AIS score is used. The highest AIS scores of the three most severely injured body regions are squared and added together to generate the ISS score. The ISS is usually employed to determine the most critical cases;
- (v)
3. Model Development
3.1. Calculation of Traveling Delay Caused by a Crash
3.2. Assessment Indexes Development
3.2.1. The Loss of Injury
The Loss of Social Labor Value
The Funeral Expenses
3.2.2. The Direct Economic Loss
Lifelong Disabling Injury
Temporary Disabling Injury
Non-Crippling Injury
3.2.3. The Loss of Death
3.2.4. The Economic Loss of Third Parties
The Loss of Delay Time
The Loss of Non-Essential Fuel Consumption
3.3. Comprehensive Assessment Method
3.3.1. A Comprehensive Index Construction
3.3.2. Assessment Criteria Determination
4. Case Study
4.1. Crash Description
4.2. Calculation of the Assessment Indexes
4.2.1. The Loss of Crash Death and Injury
4.2.2. The Assessment of Direct Economic Loss
4.2.3. The Assessment of Indirect Economic Loss
4.3. Assessment of Crash Severity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Crash Classification | Casualty Situation | Original Property Loss (Version 1992) | Converted Property Loss (Version 2018) |
---|---|---|---|
Slight crash | 1 to 2 minor injuries | Less than USD 181 (CNY 1000) for a motorized vehicle crash, or less than USD 36 (CNY 200) for a non-motorized vehicle crash | Less than USD 1118 (CNY 7396) for a motorized vehicle crash, or less than USD 224 (CNY 1479) for a non-motorized vehicle crash |
Ordinary crash | 1 to 2 serious injuries or more than 3 minor injuries | Less than USD 544 (CNY 30,000) | Less than USD 33,531 (CNY 221,891) |
Serious crash | 1 to 2 deaths or 3 to 10 serious injuries | From USD 544 (CNY 30,000) to USD 1088 (CNY 60,000) | From USD 33,531 (CNY 221,891) to USD 67,063 (CNY 443,781) |
Extremely serious crash | More than 3 deaths or more than 11 serious injuries or 1 death with more than 8 serious injuries or 2 deaths with more than 5 serious injuries | More than USD 1088 (CNY 60,000) | More than USD 67,063 (CNY 443,781) |
Crash Severity | Comprehensive Index | Crash Consequence |
---|---|---|
Grade I | > 9 | The crash casualties are very serious and lead to very severe traffic congestion. |
Grade II | 7 < < 9 | The crash casualties are serious and produce severe traffic jams. |
Grade III | 5 < < 7 | The crash causes a part of economic losses and disturbs the surrounding traffic to some extent. |
Grade IV | < 5 | The economic loss caused by the crash is little; there are no serious casualties and serious traffic congestion. |
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Cao, Y.; Li, S.; Fu, C. An Assessment Method of Urban Traffic Crash Severity Considering Traveling Delay and Non-Essential Fuel Consumption of Third Parties. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176806
Cao Y, Li S, Fu C. An Assessment Method of Urban Traffic Crash Severity Considering Traveling Delay and Non-Essential Fuel Consumption of Third Parties. Sustainability. 2020; 12(17):6806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176806
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Yi, Shiwen Li, and Chuanyun Fu. 2020. "An Assessment Method of Urban Traffic Crash Severity Considering Traveling Delay and Non-Essential Fuel Consumption of Third Parties" Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176806