Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Group 1 Preschool | Group 2 Primary 1st Stage | Group 3 Primary 2nd Stage | Group 4 Primary 3rd Stage | F | p | η2 | Group Comparison |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HRmean (b/min) | 114.65 ± 12.62 | 101.17 ± 10.24 | 107.97 ± 17.72 | 86.36 ± 12.89 | 7.95 | 0.001 | 0.168 | 4 < 2 < 3 < 1 |
SD1 (ms) | 47.01 ± 30.94 | 39.34 ± 16.90 | 47.81 ± 24.20 | 46.46 ± 19.26 | 0.18 | 0.834 | 0.005 | |
SD2 (ms) | 127.80 ± 116.74 | 99.30 ± 40.13 | 125.51 ± 51.84 | 115.94 ± 36.19 | 0.11 | 0.892 | 0.003 | |
pNN50 (%) | 23.11 ± 19.49 | 21.95 ± 13.30 | 26.68 ± 15.96 | 32.04 ± 13.81 | 1.51 | 0.227 | 0.037 | |
RMSSD (ms) | 66.41 ± 43.69 | 55.57 ± 23.87 | 67.53 ± 34.19 | 65.64 ± 27.20 | 0.18 | 0.834 | 0.005 | |
LF (n.u.) | 68.25 ± 20.39 | 67.49 ± 18.67 | 67.14 ± 14.12 | 61.10 ± 14.29 | 0.65 | 0.524 | 0.016 | |
HF (n.u.) | 31.48 ± 20.14 | 32.38 ± 18.60 | 31.28 ± 13.34 | 38.77 ± 14.29 | 1.35 | 0.265 | 0.033 | |
LF/HF ratio | 5.15 ± 9.28 | 11.35 ± 45.92 | 2.90 ± 2.12 | 2.02 ± 1.38 | 1.57 | 0.214 | 0.005 |
Group 1 Preschool | Group 2 Primary 1st Stage | Group 3 Primary 2nd Stage | Group 4 Primary 3rd Stage | F | p | η2 | Group Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grade average (0–10) | 7.28 ± 1.13 | 6.87 ± 1.29 | 6.95 ± 1.17 | 1.80 | 0.171 | 0.044 | ||
Sciences grade (0–10) | 7.13 ± 1.49 | 7.21 ± 1.52 | 6.90 ± 1.63 | 1.45 | 0.239 | 0.036 | ||
Social sciences grade (0–10) | 6.86 ± 1.72 | 6.27 ± 1.67 | 6.72 ± 1.68 | 1.92 | 0.153 | 0.046 | ||
Language grade (0–10) | 7.20 ± 1.80 | 7.07 ± 1.68 | 7.09 ± 1.49 | 0.35 | 0.702 | 0.009 | ||
Math’s grade (0–10) | 7.37 ± 1.58 | 6.78 ± 1.89 | 6.79 ± 1.67 | 2.20 | 0.117 | 0.053 | ||
English grade (0–10) | 6.93 ± 1.76 | 5.64 ± 1.98 | 6.18 ± 1.55 | 0.72 | 0.002 | 0.143 | 2 > 4 > 3 | |
Arts grade (0–10) | 7.36 ± 1.11 | 7.25 ± 1.24 | 7.13 ± 1.40 | 0.72 | 0.489 | 0.018 | ||
Music grade (0–10) | 7.29 ± 1.32 | 6.96 ± 1.44 | 6.86 ± 1.53 | 1.70 | 0.188 | 0.041 | ||
Crafts grade (0–10) | 7.27 ± 1.16 | 7.15 ± 1.31 | 7.06 ± 1.30 | 0.34 | 0.706 | 0.009 | ||
Physical education grade (0–10) | 7.06 ± 1.05 | 6.82 ± 0.89 | 7.29 ± 1.17 | 1.02 | 0.363 | 0.025 | ||
Religion/S.Values grade (0–10) | 8.29 ± 1.03 | 7.62 ± 1.39 | 7.53 ± 1.31 | 2.62 | 0.079 | 0.062 | ||
Student shows interest and curiosity in learning new things? (1–5) | 4.29 ± 1.10 | 4.00 ± 1.43 | 3.31 ± 1.21 | 4.11 ± 1.21 | 4.13 | 0.020 | 0.095 | 1,2,4 > 3 |
Student works to finish the tasks you begin? (1–5) | 4.11 ± 1.39 | 3.96 ± 1.56 | 3.21 ± 1.45 | 4.02 ± 1.20 | 3.73 | 0.028 | 0.086 | 1,2,4 > 3 |
Student stays calm and in control when faced with a challenge? (1–5) | 4.00 ± 1.46 | 4.27 ± 1.22 | 2.90 ± 1.42 | 3.11 ± 1.46 | 10.74 | 0.000 | 0.214 | 1,2,4 > 3 |
Student cares about doing well in school? (1–5) | 4.14 ± 1.32 | 3.91 ± 1.50 | 3.34 ± 1.44 | 4.11 ± 1.18 | 4.40 | 0.015 | 0.100 | 1,2,4 > 3 |
Student does all the work required? (1–5) | 4.22 ± 1.36 | 4.06 ± 1.46 | 3.43 ± 1.46 | 4.00 ± 1.21 | 2.64 | 0.077 | 0.063 | |
SPAP average (1–5) | 4.15 ± 1.07 | 4.04 ± 1.05 | 3.24 ± 0.91 | 3.87 ± 0.92 | 7.65 | 0.001 | 0.162 | 1,2,4 > 3 |
Group 1 Preschool | Group 2 Primary 1st stage | Group 3 Primary 2nd stage | Group 4 Primary 3rd stage | F | p | η2 | Group Comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Height (cm) | 108 ± 10.20 | 124.27 ± 7.84 | 138.27 ± 8.67 | 148.42 ± 8.18 | 46.00 | 0.000 | 0.538 | 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 |
Weight (Kg) | 19.40 ± 3.45 | 26.92 ± 6.18 | 37.01 ± 9.25 | 43.86 ± 10.00 | 20.46 | 0.000 | 0.341 | 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 16.82 ± 3.41 | 17.41 ± 3.08 | 19.20 ± 3.89 | 19.78 ± 3.49 | 4.38 | 0.016 | 0.100 | 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 |
PAQC-A (1-5) | 1.48 ± 0.58 | 1.59 ± 0.67 | 1.61 ± 0.58 | 1.71 ± 0.61 | 0.160 | 0.852 | 0.004 |
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Mendoza-Castejón, D.; Clemente-Suárez, V.J. Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176718
Mendoza-Castejón D, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students. Sustainability. 2020; 12(17):6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176718
Chicago/Turabian StyleMendoza-Castejón, Daniel, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez. 2020. "Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students" Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176718
APA StyleMendoza-Castejón, D., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2020). Autonomic Profile, Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Academic Performance of School Students. Sustainability, 12(17), 6718. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176718