Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Energy, a Key Sector for Development
1.2. Citizen Science, Science Meets Society
1.3. Background and Objectives
- To detect the relationships between two scientific fields, energy efficiency and citizen science, through the study of scientific projects and publications on both topics.
- To identify and analyse the social impact of energy efficiency and citizen science publications using altmetric indicators.
2. Materials and Methods
- (A)
- Identification of European projects on energy efficiency and citizen science
- Search for energy efficiency projects submitted to the Seventh Framework Programme (data retrieval date: January 2019). Project selection was based on the 65 subjects into which researchers may classify their projects. The projects selected for this study are those on the subject of “energy saving”.
- Retrieval of all the information available on each project on the subject of “energy saving” (title, acronym, abstract, applicant, participants, number of participating countries, funding requested, funding granted).
- Search for citizen science-related terms in energy saving projects’ abstracts. To identify content on citizen science, keywords were used in the title and abstract of the projects. The keywords were the same as those used to retrieve papers on the subject (see Appendix A).
- Identification of papers resulting from the selected projects. In the SCOPUS database, the project’s reference code was searched for in the “Funding Number” field. The publications thus identified were downloaded.
- (B)
- Search strategy to relate energy efficiency papers to citizen science papers in SCOPUS
- (C)
- Document retrieval in SCOPUS
- Identification of publications on either energy efficiency or citizen science (all document types have been considered)
- Identification of documents on energy efficiency citing citizen science references.
- Identification of documents on citizen science citing energy efficiency references.
- Review of documents using specific keyword searches.
- Retrieval of publications dealing with the selected projects (data retrieval date: January 2019).
- Elimination of duplicate records.
- (D)
- Bibliometric analysis
- Activity: number of documents per year, compound annual growth rate (CAGR), language, document type, publishing journal, country, and institutional output. For the calculation of the production by countries or institutions, the “total count” is considered: even if a document is signed by different centres or countries, each of them is counted for the whole document. Unlike the “fractional count” (which distributes the publication among the number of signatories), the total count is the system commonly used in bibliometric studies because it does not penalize scientific collaboration [45]
- Specialization: main subject categories on which output is focused. SCOPUS’ thematic classification into 27 categories was used, based on the classification of the journals that published the documents.
- Visibility: as is usual in bibliometric studies, the journal’s quartile (the journal position in a discipline, based on its impact factor) is considered a criterion for visibility [45]
- (E)
- Content analysis of SCOPUS publications
- (F)
- Publications’ impact through altmetric indicators.
- Number and percentage of documents with a DOI.
- Number of documents with mentions in the following sources: Facebook, feeds, msm, posts, Wikipedia, policy documents, and Twitter.
- Maximum number of mentions (data retrieval date: October 2019).
- Total number of mentions in each source.
- Scientific journals most prevalently mentioned in social media.
- Altmetric mentions of publications by subject area.
3. Results
3.1. European Projects
3.2. Document Retrieval
3.3. Bibliometric Analysis
3.4. Content Analysis of SCOPUS Publications
3.5. Publications’ Impact through Altmetric Indicators.
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Search Strategy
- Publications on Energy Efficiency
- Publications on Citizen Science
- Publications citing Energy Efficiency
- Publications citing Citizen Science
Appendix B
Journal | Subject Category | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Policy | Energy (miscellaneous) | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 |
Management, Monitoring, Policy & Law | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Tabla A1.Journal of Cleaner Production | Environmental Science (miscellaneous) | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 |
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Strategy & Management | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Energy | Building & Construction | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 |
Civil & Structural Engineering | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Electrical & Electronic Engineering | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Energy (miscellaneous) | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Mechanical Engineering | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Pollution | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Advanced Materials Research | Engineering (miscellaneous) | Q2 | Q3 | Q3 | Q3 | Q3 | Q3 | Q4 | Q4 | Q4 | Q4 | Q4 | Q4 | Q4 | |||||||
Applied Energy | Building & Construction | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 |
Civil & Structural Engineering | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Energy Engineering and Power Technology | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Engineering (miscellaneous) | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Fuel Technology | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Management, Monitoring, Policy & Law | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Mechanical Engineering | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Nuclear Energy & Engineering | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | Q1 | |
Sustainability | Geography, Planning & Development | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | |||||||||||
Management, Monitoring, Policy & Law | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | ||||||||||||
Renewable Energy, Sustainability & the Environment | Q4 | Q3 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q2 | Q3 | Q2 |
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Acronym | Title | Topic | Funding Granted (€) | Start Date | End Date | Coordinating Institution | Country | Relation with Energy Efficiency—Citizen Science |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LENVIS | Localised environmental and health information services for all: user-centric collaborative decision support network for water and air quality management | Water management, environment, and energy | 2,232,223 | 1 September 2008 | 31 January 2012 | Univ. degli studi di Milano Bicocca | Italy | Citizen participation is used to collect data on the environment, energy, and health. Various stakeholders from the Netherlands, Portugal, and Italy participate. |
GENeric | GENeric European Sustainable Information Space for Environment | Inclusive, low-cost technologies for information and communication (ICT) for environmental management | 8,898,432 | 1 September 2008 | 31August 2011 | Thales Alenia Space | France | It is proposed to develop a low-cost system for citizens to provide information on their health, energy, and environmental needs and to access data on these topics. |
HYDROSYS | HYDROSYS: Advanced spatial analysis tools for on-site environmental monitoring and management | Environmental resource management | 3,260,611 | 1 June 2008 | 31 May 2011 | Graz Technical Univ. | Austria | ICTs are developed that are accessible to citizens so that they can develop environmental and energy resource monitoring actions. Applications are offered for mobile phones and tablets for different users. |
IREEN | ICT Roadmap for Energy-Efficient Neighbourhoods | Household energy efficiency | 998,443 | 1 September 2011 | 30 November 2013 | Manchester City Govt. | UK | Different stakeholders are included in the project to define, assess, and analyse their experience on energy management in homes and cities. |
INSPIRE-GRID | Improved and eNhanced Stakeholder Participation in Reinforcement of Electricity Grid | Electricity grid and citizens | 2,571,834 | 1 October 2013 | 30 September 2016 | Ricerca Sistema Energetico | Italy | Citizen participation in energy efficiency decision-making processes to improve their perception of energy management. |
CITY-ZEN | City-zen, a balanced approach to the city of the future | Efficient cities | 25,189,520 | 1 March 2014 | 28 February 2019 | Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch | Belgium | Citizen participation is proposed to solve problems related to energy efficiency in cities. Training and awareness-raising campaigns are established for different stakeholders. |
CITYFIED | RepliCable and InnovaTive Future Efficient Districts and cities | Intelligent cities | 27,004,955 | 1 April 2014 | 31 March 2019 | Fundación CARTIF | Spain | The aim is to develop smart, energy-efficient cities. Citizens from different countries participate by providing data and validating products and processes developed in the project. |
Keyword | No. of Documents |
---|---|
Energy efficiency | 147 |
Energy conservation | 62 |
Sustainable development | 49 |
Public participation | 38 |
Energy utilization | 37 |
Climate change | 36 |
Decision making | 34 |
Energy policy | 32 |
Sustainability | 28 |
Housing | 25 |
Local participation | 22 |
Economics | 21 |
Environmental protection | 21 |
Article | 20 |
Building | 19 |
Emission control | 19 |
China | 18 |
Human | 18 |
Public policy | 18 |
Carbon dioxide | 16 |
Energy use | 16 |
United Kingdom | 16 |
United States | 16 |
Greenhouse gases | 15 |
Participatory approach | 15 |
Source | No. Docs Mentioned | % Doc | Total Mentions | % Mentions |
---|---|---|---|---|
19 | 19.79 | 32 | 2.06 | |
Feeds | 8 | 8.33 | 10 | 0.64 |
Post | 96 | 100.00 | 864 | 55.71 |
News (msm) | 9 | 9.38 | 28 | 1.81 |
Policy docs | 17 | 17.71 | 19 | 1.23 |
Wikipedia | 3 | 3.13 | 7 | 0.45 |
80 | 83.33 | 591 | 38.10 | |
Total | 96 | 100.00 | 1551 | 100.00 |
Journal | No. Docs with Altmetrics Per Journal | Total No. Docs | No. Papers with Mentions (No. of Mentions) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Feeds | Posts | msms | Pol. Docs | |||||
Energy Policy | 8 | 15 | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 8 (91) | 0 | 1 (1) | 8 (63) |
Building Research & Information | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 (58) | 0 | 1 (1) | 5 (28) |
Energy Research & Social Science | 4 | 5 | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 4 (76) | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (46) |
Applied Energy | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2 (4) | 0 | 1 (1) | 1 (3) |
Energy & Buildings | 2 | 4 | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (5) |
Environmental Health | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (29) | 0 | 0 | 2 (24) |
Journal of Cleaner Production | 2 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 1 (4) | 0 | 0 | 1 (4) |
Renewable Energy: An International Journal | 2 | 2 | 1 (3) | 0 | 2 (28) | 0 | 0 | 2 (21) |
Sustainability | 2 | 6 | 1 (1) | 0 | 2 (3) | 0 | 0 | 2 (10) |
Synthesis Lectures on Engineering | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2) |
The National Academies Press | 2 | 2 | 1 (11) | 1 (3) | 2 (99) | 1 (6) | 2 (2) | 1 (64) |
Total | 33 | 64 | 7 (19) | 5(7) | 31 (401) | 2 (7) | 7 (7) | 28 (270) |
% of total documents with altmetric indicators | 34 | 37 (60%) | 62 (70%) | 32 (46%) | 22 (25%) | 41 (37%) | 35 (46%) |
Subject Area | No. Docs. Mentioned | % of Docs. Mentioned Relative to Total |
---|---|---|
Environmental science | 41 | 42.71 |
Energy | 29 | 30.21 |
Social science | 28 | 29.17 |
Engineering | 24 | 25.00 |
Medicine | 17 | 17.71 |
Earth and planetary sciences | 7 | 7.29 |
Agricultural and biological sciences | 6 | 6.25 |
Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology | 5 | 5.21 |
Business, management and accounting | 5 | 5.21 |
Economics, econometrics and finance | 4 | 4.17 |
Computer science | 3 | 3.13 |
Chemistry | 2 | 2.08 |
Arts and humanities | 1 | 1.04 |
Chemical engineering | 1 | 1.04 |
Decision sciences | 1 | 1.04 |
Immunology and microbiology | 1 | 1.04 |
Material science | 1 | 1.04 |
Mathematics | 1 | 1.04 |
Physics and astronomy | 1 | 1.04 |
Psychology | 1 | 1.04 |
Health professions | 0 | 0 |
Total | 96 | 100 |
Summation | 179 | 186.46 |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
De Filippo, D.; Lascurain, M.L.; Pandiella-Dominique, A.; Sanz-Casado, E. Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125175
De Filippo D, Lascurain ML, Pandiella-Dominique A, Sanz-Casado E. Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125175
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Filippo, Daniela, María Luisa Lascurain, Andres Pandiella-Dominique, and Elias Sanz-Casado. 2020. "Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125175
APA StyleDe Filippo, D., Lascurain, M. L., Pandiella-Dominique, A., & Sanz-Casado, E. (2020). Scientometric Analysis of Research in Energy Efficiency and Citizen Science through Projects and Publications. Sustainability, 12(12), 5175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125175