Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Using Infiltrometer Techniques: An Assessment of Temporal Variability in a Long-Term Experiment under Minimum- and No-Tillage Soil Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Simplified Falling Head (SFH) Technique
2.3. Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer (BEST) Parameters Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis and Comparisons
3. Results
3.1. Temporal Variability of Soil Properties Using the SFH Technique
3.2. Temporal Variability of Soil Properties Using the BEST Procedure
3.3. Comparison between the BEST and SFH Techniques
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minimum Tillage (MT) | ||||||||
Sampling date | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Min | 3 | 2 | 1520 | 131 | 23 | 1617 | 258 | 930 |
Max | 837 | 718 | 3800 | 1028 | 295 | 2606 | 2158 | 2349 |
GM | 66 a * | 45 a | 2240 a | 322 a | 93 a | 2210 a | 799 a | 1389 a |
CV (%) | 732 | 375 | 28 | 72 | 117 | 13 | 67 | 33 |
No-Tillage (NT) | ||||||||
Sampling date | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Min | 8 | 3 | 1074 | 33 | 195 | 801 | 182 | 529 |
Max | 351 | 271 | 2050 | 384 | 659 | 1896 | 1476 | 2023 |
GM | 81 b | 28 b | 1487 a | 108 a | 357 a | 1474 a | 590 b | 1155 b |
CV (%) | 211 | 297 | 22 | 89 | 42 | 25 | 75 | 48 |
(a) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | (b) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
2 | NS | 2 | NS | ||||||||||||
3 | X | X | 3 | X | X | ||||||||||
4 | X | X | X | 4 | NS | X | X | ||||||||
5 | NS | NS | X | NS | 5 | X | X | X | X | ||||||
6 | X | X | NS | X | X | 6 | X | X | NS | X | X | ||||
7 | X | X | NS | NS | X | NS | 7 | X | X | NS | X | NS | NS | ||
8 | X | X | NS | X | X | NS | NS | 8 | X | X | NS | X | NS | NS | NS |
Minimum Tillage (MT) | |||
Sampling date | 1 | 6 | 7 |
Min | 202.9 | 105.0 | 99.5 |
Max | 2512.2 | 1412.4 | 503.5 |
GM | 1118.5 a,A * | 507.7 a,B | 176.9 a,B |
CV (%) | 77.7 | 146.4 | 53.8 |
No-Tillage (NT) | |||
Sampling date | 1 | 6 | 7 |
Min | 16.9 | 18.8 | 56.5 |
Max | 360.6 | 486.8 | 1906.0 |
GM | 70.8 b,A | 115.3 a,A | 148.9 a,A |
CV (%) | 124.7 | 224.4 | 123.2 |
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Castellini, M.; Vonella, A.V.; Ventrella, D.; Rinaldi, M.; Baiamonte, G. Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Using Infiltrometer Techniques: An Assessment of Temporal Variability in a Long-Term Experiment under Minimum- and No-Tillage Soil Management. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125019
Castellini M, Vonella AV, Ventrella D, Rinaldi M, Baiamonte G. Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Using Infiltrometer Techniques: An Assessment of Temporal Variability in a Long-Term Experiment under Minimum- and No-Tillage Soil Management. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125019
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastellini, Mirko, Alessandro Vittorio Vonella, Domenico Ventrella, Michele Rinaldi, and Giorgio Baiamonte. 2020. "Determining Soil Hydraulic Properties Using Infiltrometer Techniques: An Assessment of Temporal Variability in a Long-Term Experiment under Minimum- and No-Tillage Soil Management" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5019. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125019