A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Briquetting
1
Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi 961101, Nigeria
2
Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
3
Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
4
Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(11), 4609; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114609
Received: 3 March 2020 / Revised: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 / Published: 4 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioresources and Utilization of Biomass in Sustainability)
Growing global demand and utilization of fossil fuels has elevated wealth creation, increased adverse impacts of climate change from greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, and endangered public health. In most developing countries, biomass wastes, which include but are not limited to agricultural residues, are produced in large quantities annually. They are either inefficiently used or disposed of indiscriminately, which threatens the environment. It is possible to convert these wastes, through densification, into high-density and energy-efficient briquettes. Densification of biomass into briquettes presents a renewable energy option as an alternative to fossil fuels. This paper reviews biomass briquetting with reference to biomass resources, feedstock pre-processing, briquetting process parameters, briquetting technology, and briquettes quality evaluation parameters. The review also includes the economic aspect of briquetting relating to costs and feasibility.
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Keywords:
biomass; briquette; densification; technology; production costs; economic feasibility
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MDPI and ACS Style
Kpalo, S.Y.; Zainuddin, M.F.; Manaf, L.A.; Roslan, A.M. A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Briquetting. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4609. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114609
AMA Style
Kpalo SY, Zainuddin MF, Manaf LA, Roslan AM. A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Briquetting. Sustainability. 2020; 12(11):4609. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114609
Chicago/Turabian StyleKpalo, Sunday Y.; Zainuddin, Mohamad F.; Manaf, Latifah A.; Roslan, Ahmad M. 2020. "A Review of Technical and Economic Aspects of Biomass Briquetting" Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4609. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114609
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