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Sustainability
Volume 12
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10.3390/su12103989
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Article

Uncovering Innovativeness in Spanish Tourism Firms: The Role of Transformational Leadership, OCB, Firm Size, and Age

by
Asif Khan
1,2,
Sughra Bibi
3,*,
Jiaying Lyu
1,*,
Achille Claudio Garavelli
4,
Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo
4 and
Maria de Angeles Perez Sanchez
1
1
Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
2
Department of Tourism & Hospitality, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
3
Guanghua Law School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
4
Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 3989; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103989
Submission received: 23 March 2020 / Revised: 30 April 2020 / Accepted: 5 May 2020 / Published: 13 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Firm Size and Sustainable Innovation Management II)
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Abstract

Innovativeness in the tourism and hospitality sector is essential for competitiveness and survival. Leadership plays a key role in promoting (or hampering) firm innovativeness. This article intended to examine the role of transformational leadership (TL) and organization citizenship behavior (OCB) on Spanish tourism firms’ innovativeness (OI). It also investigated whether firm size and age moderate the relationship between TL, OI, and OCB. The cross-sectional survey method was used to collect data from 329 middle-level managers in Spanish tourism firms. The findings of the data revealed that TL and OCB have significant impacts on firm innovativeness; also, OCB mediates the relationship between TL and firm innovativeness. Firm size and age moderate the relationship between TL and firm innovativeness; also, firm size moderates the relationship between TL and OCB. It was found that large firms were more innovative than small ones; also, younger firms showed a higher level of innovativeness than old firms. Managerial and specific firm size and age implications were provided.
Keywords: transformational leadership (TL); organization citizenship behevior (OCB); firm innovativeness (OI); firm size; firm age; tourism firms transformational leadership (TL); organization citizenship behevior (OCB); firm innovativeness (OI); firm size; firm age; tourism firms

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MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, A.; Bibi, S.; Lyu, J.; Garavelli, A.C.; Pontrandolfo, P.; Perez Sanchez, M.d.A. Uncovering Innovativeness in Spanish Tourism Firms: The Role of Transformational Leadership, OCB, Firm Size, and Age. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103989

AMA Style

Khan A, Bibi S, Lyu J, Garavelli AC, Pontrandolfo P, Perez Sanchez MdA. Uncovering Innovativeness in Spanish Tourism Firms: The Role of Transformational Leadership, OCB, Firm Size, and Age. Sustainability. 2020; 12(10):3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103989

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Asif, Sughra Bibi, Jiaying Lyu, Achille Claudio Garavelli, Pierpaolo Pontrandolfo, and Maria de Angeles Perez Sanchez. 2020. "Uncovering Innovativeness in Spanish Tourism Firms: The Role of Transformational Leadership, OCB, Firm Size, and Age" Sustainability 12, no. 10: 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103989

APA Style

Khan, A., Bibi, S., Lyu, J., Garavelli, A. C., Pontrandolfo, P., & Perez Sanchez, M. d. A. (2020). Uncovering Innovativeness in Spanish Tourism Firms: The Role of Transformational Leadership, OCB, Firm Size, and Age. Sustainability, 12(10), 3989. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12103989

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