Diversification and Local Embeddedness: The Rescaling of National New Area Governance in Post-Reform China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Space, Scale, and Rescaling
2.2. Construction Logic of the Governance Scale of NNAs
3. China’s NNAs: Contextual Analysis and Spatial–Temporal Characteristics
3.1. Temporal Characteristics of China’s NNAs
3.2. Spatial Characteristics of China’s NNAs
4. The Rescaling of China’s NNA Governance
4.1. Reconstruction of Functional Orientation
4.2. Reconstruction of Spatial Zoning
4.3. Reconstruction of the Administrative System
4.4. Reconstruction of the Power Allocation
5. Discussion: Key Factors and Challenges Influencing the Rescaling of NNA Governance
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Period | International Background | Domestic Background | State-Directed Visions |
---|---|---|---|
Period I: 1980s to early 1990s | Capital globalization and global trade system | Opening-up of the coastal area | The frontier of integrating into globalization; regional growth pole; promoting the coastal opening-up |
Period II: 1990s to early 2000s | New opportunities due to globalization | Entry into the WTO; eastern-led development strategy | Independent innovation; international competitiveness; regional growth pole |
Period III: 2000s to 2012 | Global financial crisis | Expanding domestic demand; balanced development of the eastern, central, and western regions of China | Regional growth pole; promoting the development of central cities and urban agglomerations; optimizing the regional development pattern |
Period IV: 2012 to present | Post-Financial Crisis; economic globalization adjustment | New normal; economic transition; “one belt and one road”; comprehensive opening-up and regional harmonious development. | Regional growth pole; opening-up window; exploring innovative development and green development |
Name | Approval Date | Planning Area/km2 | State-Directed Vision |
---|---|---|---|
Pudong | June 1990 | 1210 | Comprehensive reform, core area of the “Four Centers” strategy |
Binhai | May 2006 | 2270 | International shipping center in the north, international logistics center, eco-city |
Liangjiang | May 2010 | 1200 | Inland opening up, financial and economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River |
Archipelago | June 2011 | 1440 | Marine economic development, marine economic growth pole in the Yellow River Delta |
Lanzhou | August 2012 | 806 | Growth pole in northwest China, strategic platform for industrial transfer |
Nansha | January 2012 | 803 | Quality living circle for Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, world-class service center |
Xi’xian | January 2014 | 882 | Western development hub, new engine for developing the west |
Gui’an | January 2014 | 1795 | Economic growth pole in western China, inland opening up, ecological civilization |
West Coast | June 2014 | 2096 | Marine science and technology innovation, marine economic cooperation |
Jinpu | June 2014 | 2299 | Northeast opening up, rejuvenating China’s northeastern industrial base |
Tianfu | October 2014 | 1578 | Inland opening up, livable city, high-end modern industry, urban–rural coordination |
Xiangjiang | April 2015 | 490 | Improving central China, innovation-driven development, building modern service industry and cultural industry |
Jiangbei | June 2015 | 788 | Fulcrum for the Yangtze River Economic Belt and Yellow River Delta, growth pole in Nanjing metropolis and Sunan area |
Fuzhou | September 2015 | 800 | Fulcrum for cross-strait cooperation, important portals for expanding opening up, important modern industrial bases along the southeastern coast |
Dianzhong | September 2015 | 482 | Fulcrum for China’s radiation into South Asia and Southeast Asia, Growth pole in Yunnan |
Harbin | December 2015 | 493 | Fulcrum for China–Russia comprehensive cooperation, new economic growth pole in northeast China |
Changchun | February 2016 | 499 | Engine for the new round of northeast revitalization, Platform for the regional cooperation and development of Tumen River |
Ganjiang | October 2016 | 465 | Fulcrum for the rise of the central region and to promote the development of the Yangtze River economic belt |
Xiong’an | April 2017 | 1770 | An important pole of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei world-class urban agglomeration |
Management Mode | Management Type | Spatial Division | City | NNA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Territorial government | New district government | Prefecture-District | Shanghai | Pudong |
Tianjin | Binhai | |||
Joint office | Prefecture-District or Prefecture-County | Zhoushan | Archipelago | |
Guangzhou | Nansha | |||
Qingdao | West Coast | |||
Dalian | Jinpu | |||
Management committee | Management committee I | Prefecture-District | Chongqing | Liangjiang |
Nanjing | Jiangbei | |||
Haerbin | Haerbin | |||
Changchun | Changchun | |||
Management committee II | Prefecture-County | Lanzhou | Lanzhou | |
Changsha | Xiangjiang | |||
Fuzhou | Fuzhou | |||
Kunming | Dianzhong | |||
Baoding | Xiong’an | |||
Management committee III | Prefecture-Prefecture | Xi’an; Xiangyang | Xi’xian | |
Guiyang; Anshun | Gui’an | |||
Chengdu; Meishan | Tianfu | |||
Nanchang; Jiujiang | Ganjiang |
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Wang, L.; Chao, H.; Li, G. Diversification and Local Embeddedness: The Rescaling of National New Area Governance in Post-Reform China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226216
Wang L, Chao H, Li G. Diversification and Local Embeddedness: The Rescaling of National New Area Governance in Post-Reform China. Sustainability. 2019; 11(22):6216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226216
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Li, Heng Chao, and Guicai Li. 2019. "Diversification and Local Embeddedness: The Rescaling of National New Area Governance in Post-Reform China" Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6216. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226216