Contributing to Fisheries Sustainability: Inequality Analysis in the High Seas Catches of Countries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methodology
2.3. Inequality Metrics
2.4. The Decomposability of the Theil Index
3. Results
3.1. Catches Evolution
3.2. Catches by Countries
3.3. Catches by Fishing Areas
3.4. Global Inequality in Catches
3.5. Decomposition of Inequality by Fishing Areas: Biology vs. Technology
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Formula * | Main Characteristics |
---|---|
Gini Index [44] | |
It is twice the area between the completely egalitarian distribution and distribution in the Lorenz curve. | |
Between 0 (egalitarian distribution) and 1 (maximum inequality). | |
More sensitive to changes in the part of the distribution with more observations. | |
Atkinson Indexes [41] | |
Parameter has to be selected from a normative point of view. It represents the social inequality aversion. The higher is, the more aversion to inequality society has. | |
Between 0 (egalitarian distribution) and 1 (maximum inequality). | |
More sensitive to changes in the tails of the distribution. | |
General Entropy Family Index [45,46] | |
Parameter has to be selected from a normative point of view. It represents the sensitiveness to the distance events at different part of the distribution. The lower is, the more sensitive the measure is to changes in the lower tail. | |
Between 0 (egalitarian distribution) and a value that depends on and population (maximum inequality). | |
The Theil index corresponds to [40]. | |
The Mean Logarithmic Deviation (MLD) corresponds to . |
Period | Catches | Population |
---|---|---|
1960–1970 | 3.20 | 1.96 |
1970–1980 | 11.34 | 1.88 |
1980–1990 | 4.84 | 1.75 |
1990–2000 | 2.86 | 1.44 |
2000–2010 | −0.76 | 1.20 |
2010–2014 | 2.87 | 1.11 |
1960–2014 | 4.12 | 1.61 |
Group | Share in Global… | 1960 | 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
1st quintile (less than 20%) | Catches | 0.03 | 0.08 |
Population | 68.14 | 43.85 | |
2nd quintile (20–40%) | Catches | 0.34 | 0.76 |
Population | 1.05 | 4.22 | |
3th quintile (40–60%) | Catches | 1.91 | 4.25 |
Population | 12.97 | 7.33 | |
4th quintile (60–80%) | Catches | 4.91 | 11.68 |
Population | 2.50 | 1.56 | |
5th quintile (80–100%) | Catches | 92.81 | 83.23 |
Population | 15.34 | 43.03 | |
Quintile ratio (S80/S20) | Catches | 3093.67 | 1040.38 |
Population | 0.23 | 0.98 |
Year | Within | Between |
---|---|---|
1960 | 80.89 | 19.11 |
1970 | 46.57 | 53.43 |
1980 | 55.38 | 44.62 |
1990 | 81.94 | 18.06 |
2000 | 62.50 | 37.50 |
2010 | 60.68 | 39.32 |
2014 | 45.71 | 54.29 |
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Gutiérrez, M.-J.; Inguanzo, B. Contributing to Fisheries Sustainability: Inequality Analysis in the High Seas Catches of Countries. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113133
Gutiérrez M-J, Inguanzo B. Contributing to Fisheries Sustainability: Inequality Analysis in the High Seas Catches of Countries. Sustainability. 2019; 11(11):3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113133
Chicago/Turabian StyleGutiérrez, María-José, and Belén Inguanzo. 2019. "Contributing to Fisheries Sustainability: Inequality Analysis in the High Seas Catches of Countries" Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3133. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113133