Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in Zashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Description of the Study Area
2.2. Research Framework
2.3. Research Design
2.4. Description and Selection of Participants
2.5. Sample Design and Data Collection
2.6. Data Analysis
2.6.1. Descriptive and Inferential Analysis
2.6.2. Binary Logistic Model
Independent Variables and Their Expected Outcomes
3. Results
3.1. Summary of Socioeconomic Characteristics of Respondents
3.2. Why Do Farmers Adopt No-Till CA?
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Description and Measurement Type | Variable Type | Expected Outcome (+/−) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | Age of farmer (years) | continuous | + |
Gender | Gender of farmer (1 = female 0 = male) | categorical | + |
Education | Number of years of formal education | continuous | + |
Economically active members | Proportion of household members economically active | continuous | + |
Experience in farming | Experience in farming | continuous | + |
Training | Training received on no-till CA (1 = Yes received, 0 = otherwise) (Dummy) | categorical | + |
Extension | Frequency of extension visits per month (1 = does not visit, 2= once, 3= twice, 4= more than twice) | categorical | + |
Access to credit | Have access to credit for agriculture (1 = Yes received, 0 = otherwise) (Dummy) | categorical | + |
Promotion of no-till | Perception on promotion of no-till CA (1 = strongly agree, 2= agree, 3= neutral, 4= disagree, 5 strongly disagree) | categorical | + |
Land size | Land size of arable land (Ha) | continuous | - |
Income | Household income | continuous | - |
Variable | Adopters (%) | Non-Adopters (%) | Chi-Square | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Extension visits (per month) | No visits | 3.1 | 30.7 | |
One visit | 18.6 | 26.1 | 38.8 *** | |
Two visits | 22.7 | 23.9 | ||
3 and above visits | 55.7 | 19.3 | ||
Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Access to credit (Yes/No) | Yes | 10.3 | 2.3 | |
No | 89.7 | 97.7 | 4.91 ** | |
Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Awareness of CA (Aware/Not aware) | Aware | 100 | 88.6 | |
Not aware | 0 | 11.4 | 11.65 ** | |
Total | 100 | 100 | ||
Received training on CA (Yes/No) | Yes | 100 | 2.3 | 177.1 *** |
No | 0 | 97.7 | ||
Total | 100 | 100 |
Variable | Coefficients | Odds Ratio | Std. Err. | z | P > z | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | −5.528 | 0.004 | 0.008 | −2.75 | 0.006 | |
Gender | −0.390 | 0.677 | 0.278 | −0.95 | 0.343 | 1.14 |
Age | 0.065 *** | 1.067 | 0.026 | 2.64 | 0.008 | 2.05 |
Education (schooling years) | 0.194 ** | 1.214 | 0.113 | 2.09 | 0.037 | 2.34 |
Farm size cultivated | −0.272 * | 0.762 | 0.115 | −1.81 | 0.071 | 1.07 |
Income | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.63 | 0.104 | 1.4 |
Frequency of extension visits | ||||||
Once a month | 1.911 ** | 6.762 | 5.091 | 2.54 | 0.011 | 1.87 |
Twice a month | 1.711 ** | 5.539 | 4.171 | 2.27 | 0.023 | 2.08 |
Three or more times a month | 3.284 *** | 26.697 | 19.963 | 4.39 | 0.000 | 2.3 |
Economically active ratio | −0.257 | 0.774 | 0.681 | −0.29 | 0.771 | 1.21 |
Perceptions of farmers on no-till CA promotion | ||||||
Agree | −0.812 | 0.444 | 0.238 | −1.51 | 0.131 | 2.01 |
Neutral | - | 1.000 | - | - | - | 1.3 |
Disagree | −0.121 | 0.886 | 0.551 | −0.19 | 0.846 | 1.74 |
Strongly disagree | −2.810 *** | 0.060 | 0.055 | −3.06 | 0.002 | 1.53 |
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Ntshangase, N.L.; Muroyiwa, B.; Sibanda, M. Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in Zashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Sustainability 2018, 10, 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020555
Ntshangase NL, Muroyiwa B, Sibanda M. Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in Zashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Sustainability. 2018; 10(2):555. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020555
Chicago/Turabian StyleNtshangase, Njabulo Lloyd, Brian Muroyiwa, and Melusi Sibanda. 2018. "Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in Zashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province" Sustainability 10, no. 2: 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020555
APA StyleNtshangase, N. L., Muroyiwa, B., & Sibanda, M. (2018). Farmers’ Perceptions and Factors Influencing the Adoption of No-Till Conservation Agriculture by Small-Scale Farmers in Zashuke, KwaZulu-Natal Province. Sustainability, 10(2), 555. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020555