Regional Aspects of a Climate and Energy Tax Reform in Norway—Exploring Double and Multiple Dividends
1
SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
2
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
3
SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2018, 10(11), 4175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114175
Received: 11 September 2018
/
Revised: 5 November 2018
/
Accepted: 8 November 2018
/
Published: 13 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Economics of Environmental Taxes and Green Tax Reforms)
We investigate the potential for double or even multiple dividends arising from a climate and energy tax reform (CETR), using a regional computable general equilibrium model. Such dividends indicate if government revenues raised from energy-related environmental taxes and recycled back to households or industries through (regional) social security contributions will yield welfare gains larger than gross cost. Building on existing double dividend theory, we broaden the scope by considering both social and regional aspects of a CETR. We explore the use of household transfers and regional payroll taxes as recycling instruments and investigate to what extent wage formation on the labor market has an effect. For Norway, our results indicate that a CETR may conflict with sub-national policy goals under all assessed scenarios. In particular, this holds for income inequality. Although our analysis concerns the social, economic and environmental aims of a Norwegian policy, the approach can be generalized to, e.g., a European context.
View Full-Text
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
MDPI and ACS Style
Johansen, U.; Perez-Valdes, G.A.; Werner, A.T. Regional Aspects of a Climate and Energy Tax Reform in Norway—Exploring Double and Multiple Dividends. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114175
AMA Style
Johansen U, Perez-Valdes GA, Werner AT. Regional Aspects of a Climate and Energy Tax Reform in Norway—Exploring Double and Multiple Dividends. Sustainability. 2018; 10(11):4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114175
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohansen, Ulf, Gerardo A. Perez-Valdes, and Adrian Tobias Werner. 2018. "Regional Aspects of a Climate and Energy Tax Reform in Norway—Exploring Double and Multiple Dividends" Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114175
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
