Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design of the Experiment
2.2. Soil Lysimeter
2.3. Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen
2.4. Analysis of Plant Biomass
2.5. Soil Properties
2.6. Data Treatment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Plant Biomass—Biomass Production
3.2. Grain Yield
3.3. Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen from Experimental Containers
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
References
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Treatment | Description | Total N Applied (kg N/ha) | Humic and Fulvic Acids (L/ha) | Fertilizers |
---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | Sole Crop (Control) | 0 | 0 | - |
C2 | Sole Crop | 140 | 0 | DAM 390 |
A1 | Mixed Cropping | 112 | 0 | DAM 390 |
A2 | Mixed Cropping | 112 | 1.25 | DAM 390 + LG B |
A3 | Mixed Cropping | 70 | 0.65 | DAM 390 + LG B |
A4 | Mixed Cropping (Control) | 0 | 0 | - |
Sample | Ctot (g/kg) | Ntot (g/kg) | C/N | Plant Available Nutrient (mg/kg) | pH (CaCl2) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | K | Ca | Mg | |||||
Topsoil | 13.32 | 1.41 | 9.44 | 233 | 349 | 1801 | 69 | 5.7 |
Subsoil | 0.597 | 0.052 | 11.48 | 143 | 56 | 1451 | 46 | 6.1 |
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Kintl, A.; Elbl, J.; Lošák, T.; Vaverková, M.D.; Nedělník, J. Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103367
Kintl A, Elbl J, Lošák T, Vaverková MD, Nedělník J. Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103367
Chicago/Turabian StyleKintl, Antonín, Jakub Elbl, Tomáš Lošák, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, and Jan Nedělník. 2018. "Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103367
APA StyleKintl, A., Elbl, J., Lošák, T., Vaverková, M. D., & Nedělník, J. (2018). Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen. Sustainability, 10(10), 3367. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103367