The Constrained-Disorder Principle Assists in Overcoming Significant Challenges in Digital Health: Moving from “Nice to Have” to Mandatory Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Uncertainty in the Healthcare Sector: Digital Health Has Failed to Meet Expectations
3. Digital Health Trends over the Last Decade: First-Generation Systems
4. Challenges in Healthcare Systems That Need to Be Accounted for by Digital Systems
4.1. Digital Health’s Data-Related Challenges with Machine Learning
4.2. Patients and Physicians Face Challenges in Using Digital Systems
4.3. Challenges Related to Ethics and Law
4.4. Challenges Related to Healthcare Providers and Pharmaceutical Companies
4.5. Cost-Increase Challenges in Healthcare
4.6. Regulations, Validations, and Standards Challenges
5. Moving from “Nice to Have” to “Mandatory” Digital Systems
6. Constrained-Disorder Principle-Based Digital Systems Get Closer to Their Biological Basis
7. Digital Health Challenges Can Be Overcome by Using CDP-Based Digital Systems
8. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Digital Health System Challenge | Constrained-Disorder Principle-Based Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence Solutions | |
---|---|---|
Data | “Big data” failed to translate into improving patient outcome | Generating insightful, personalized datasets for subject-tailored therapeutic regimens [146,236,239,261,262] |
Users | Lack of engagement by patients and physicians | Outcome-based systems ensure long-term engagement as patients view the system as part of the therapy [262]. |
A need for explainable systems | The improved outcome is quantifiable in most cases, easing the process of adapting to digital systems [146,261,262] | |
System functions | Biases | The system reduces biases as it is independent of the physician. Algorithms are targeted to clinically meaningful outcomes [146]. |
Payers | Increased costs | By improving outcomes, the system reduces hospitalizations and the need for more expensive therapies, thus saving costs [261]. |
Pharma companies | Cannot translate digital system to profits | Improving adherence increases sales while providing pharma with a market disruptor [261]. |
Validation | Difficulty in validating advantages | Outcome-based endpoints are quantifiable and, in most cases, are easily validated [238,268]. |
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Hurvitz, N.; Ilan, Y. The Constrained-Disorder Principle Assists in Overcoming Significant Challenges in Digital Health: Moving from “Nice to Have” to Mandatory Systems. Clin. Pract. 2023, 13, 994-1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040089
Hurvitz N, Ilan Y. The Constrained-Disorder Principle Assists in Overcoming Significant Challenges in Digital Health: Moving from “Nice to Have” to Mandatory Systems. Clinics and Practice. 2023; 13(4):994-1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040089
Chicago/Turabian StyleHurvitz, Noa, and Yaron Ilan. 2023. "The Constrained-Disorder Principle Assists in Overcoming Significant Challenges in Digital Health: Moving from “Nice to Have” to Mandatory Systems" Clinics and Practice 13, no. 4: 994-1014. https://doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040089