Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Interventional Study among Schoolteachers from Andhra Pradesh
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Questionnaire Development and Validation
2.3. Study Design, Setting, and Sample
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Questions/ Responses | 1st Phase | 2nd Phase | 3rd Phase | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (%) | p-Value | Gender (%) | p-Value | Gender (%) | p-Value | |||||
Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |||||
Q1 | Yes (%) | 92.6 | 84.5 | 0.57 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 0.05 | |
No (%) | 7.4 | 15.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Q2 | Yes (%) | 81.9 | 82.5 | 0.898 | 87% | 100 | <0.001 * | 97.70 | 92.80 | 0.052 |
No (%) | 18.1 | 17.5 | 13% | 0% | 2.30 | 7.20 | ||||
Q3 | Yes (%) | 66 | 74.3 | 0.898 | 87 | 90.6 | 0.33 | 94.70 | 91.60 | 0.29 |
No (%) | 34 | 25.7 | 13 | 9.4 | 5.30 | 8.40 | ||||
Q4 | Yes (%) | 66 | 76.2 | 0.01 * | 85.2 | 85.9 | 0.86 | 71.40 | 87.40 | 0.001 * |
No (%) | 34 | 23.8 | 14.8 | 14.1 | 28.60 | 12.60 | ||||
Q5 | Yes (%) | 80.9 | 84 | 0.06 | 85.2 | 95.3 | 0.002 * | 85.70 | 92.20 | 0.07 |
No (%) | 19.1 | 16 | 14.8 | 4.7 | 14.30 | 7.80 | ||||
Q6 | Yes (%) | 77.70% | 78.2 | 0.50 | 91.7 | 90.6 | 0.762 | 96.20 | 89.80 | 0.03 * |
No (%) | 22.3 | 21.8 | 8.3 | 9.4 | 3.80 | 10.20 | ||||
Q7 | Yes (%) | 66 | 81.6 | 0.003 * | 85.2 | 90.6 | 0.154 | 95.50 | 87.40 | 0.015 * |
No (%) | 34 | 18.4 | 14.8 | 9.4 | 4.50 | 12.60 | ||||
Q8 | Yes (%) | 95.5 | 94 | 0.57 | 93.5 | 100 | <0.001 * | 95.4 | 97.4 | 0.35 |
No (%) | 4.5 | 6 | 6.5 | 0 | 4.6 | 2.6 | ||||
Q9 | Yes (%) | 75.2 | 77.2 | 0.67 | 46.3 | 70.8 | <0.001 * | 75.9 | 78.1 | 0.66 |
No (%) | 24.8 | 22.8 | 53.7 | 29.2 | 24.1 | 21.9 | ||||
Q10 | Yes (%) | 27.8 | 29.3 | 0.77 | 30.6 | 17.7 | 0.01 * | 20.4 | 18.8 | 0.73 |
No (%) | 72.2 | 70.7 | 69.4% | 82.3 | 79.6 | 81.2 | ||||
Q11 | Yes (%) | 67.7 | 66.5 | 0.82 | 78.7 | 81.2 | 0.59 | 75.9 | 81.2 | 0.27 |
No (%) | 32.3 | 33.5 | 21.3% | 18.8 | 24.1 | 18.8 | ||||
Q12 | Yes (%) | 95.5 | 94. | 0.57 | 91.7 | 85.9 | 0.14 | 93.5 | 91.1 | 0.467 |
No (%) | 4.5 | 6 | 8.3 | 14.1 | 6.5 | 8.9 |
Questions/Responses | 1st Phase | 2nd Phase | 3rd Phase | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<10 Years | >10 Years | p-Value | <10 Years | >10 Years | p-Value | <10 Years | >10 Years | p-Value | ||
Q1 | Yes (%) | 82.9 | 90.1 | 0.08 | 100.0 | 100.0 | NA | 100.0 | 100.0 | NA |
No (%) | 17.1 | 9.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Q2 | Yes (%) | 82.2 | 82.5 | 0.88 | 96.1 | 94.7 | 0.57 | 96.1 | 94.2 | 0.44 |
No (%) | 17.8 | 17.5 | 3.9 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 5.8 | ||||
Q3 | Yes (%) | 69.8 | 73.1 | 0.88 | 90.7 | 88.3 | 0.57 | 93.0 | 93.0 | 0.99 |
No (%) | 30.2 | 26.9 | 9.3 | 11.7 | 7.0 | 7.0 | ||||
Q4 | Yes (%) | 73.6 | 72.5 | 0.88 | 85.3 | 86.0 | 0.865 | 83.7 | 77.8 | 0.2 |
No (%) | 26.4 | 27.5 | 14.7 | 14.0 | 16.3 | 22.2 | ||||
Q5 | Yes (%) | 88.4 | 78.9 | 0.88 | 91.5 | 91.8 | 0.916 | 88.4 | 90.1 | 0.639 |
No (%) | 11.6 | 21.1 | 8.5 | 8.2 | 11.6 | 9.9 | ||||
Q6 | Yes (%) | 77.5 | 78.4 | 0.88 | 91.5 | 90.6 | 0.804 | 94.6 | 91.2 | 0.27 |
No (%) | 22.5 | 21.6 | 8.5 | 9.4 | 5.4 | 8.8 | ||||
Q7 | Yes (%) | 83.7 | 71.3 | 0.01 * | 88.4 | 88.9 | 0.889 | 95.3 | 87.7 | 0.022 * |
No (%) | 16.3 | 28.7 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 4.7 | 12.3 | ||||
Q8 | Yes (%) | 97.7 | 92.4 | 0.07 | 98.4 | 97.1 | 0.43 | 95.3 | 97.7 | 0.269 |
No (%) | 2.3 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 2.3 | ||||
Q9 | Yes (%) | 97.7 | 92.4 | 0.89 | 98.4 | 97.1 | 0.09 | 79.1 | 76.0 | 0.53 |
No (%) | 2.3 | 7.6 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 20.9 | 24.0 | ||||
Q10 | Yes (%) | 27.1 | 29.8 | 0.699 | 20.9 | 23.4 | 0.61 | 20.9 | 18.1 | 0.54 |
No (%) | 72.9 | 70.2 | 79.1 | 76.6 | 79.1 | 81.9 | ||||
Q11 | Yes (%) | 64.3 | 69.0 | 0.45 | 80.6 | 80.1 | 0.91 | 81.4 | 77.8 | 0.44 |
No (%) | 35.7 | 31.0 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 18.6 | 22.2 | ||||
Q12 | Yes(%) | 90.7 | 97.7 | 0.008 * | 90.7 | 86.0 | 0.21 | 93.0 | 91.2 | 0.57 |
NO (%) | 9.3 | 2.3 | 9.3 | 14.0 | 7.0 | 8.8 |
Questions/Responses | 1st Phase | 2nd Phase | 3rdPhase | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Yes | 87.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | <0.001 * |
No | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ||
Q2 | Yes | 82.3 | 95.3 | 95.0 | <0.001 * |
No | 17.7 | 4.7 | 5.0 | ||
Q3 | Yes | 71.7 | 89.3 | 93.0 | <0.001 * |
No | 28.3 | 10.7 | 7.0 | ||
Q4 | Yes | 73.0 | 85.7 | 80.3 | 0.001 * |
No | 27.0 | 14.3 | 19.7 | ||
Q5 | Yes | 83.0 | 91.7 | 89.3 | 0.003 * |
No | 17.0 | 8.3 | 10.7 | ||
Q6 | Yes | 78.0 | 91.0 | 92.7 | <0.001 * |
No | 22.0 | 9.0 | 7.3 | ||
Q7 | Yes | 76.7 | 88.7 | 91.0 | <0.001 * |
No | 23.3 | 11.3 | 9.0 | ||
Q8 | Yes | 94.7 | 97.7 | 96.7 | 0.128 |
No | 5.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | ||
Q9 | Yes | 76.3 | 62.0 | 77.3 | <0.001 * |
No | 23.7 | 38.0 | 22.7 | ||
Q10 | Yes | 28.7 | 22.3 | 19.3 | <0.001 * |
No | 71.3 | 77.7 | 80.7 | ||
Q11 | Yes | 67.0 | 80.3 | 79.3 | <0.001 * |
No | 33.0 | 19.7 | 20.7 | ||
Q12 | Yes | 94.7 | 88.0 | 92.0 | 0.02 * |
No | 5.3 | 12.0 | 8.0 |
Questions | 1st vs. 2nd Phases | 2nd vs. 3rd Phases | 1st and 3rd Phases |
---|---|---|---|
Q1 | <0.001 * | 1.00 | <0.001 * |
Q2 | <0.001 * | 0.849 | <0.001 * |
Q3 | <0.001 * | 0.114 | <0.001 * |
Q4 | <0.001 * | 0.082 | 0.034 * |
Q5 | 0.001 * | 0.33 | 0.024 * |
Q6 | <0.001 * | 0.46 | <0.001 * |
Q7 | <0.001 * | 0.34 | <0.001 * |
Q8 | 0.056 | 0.46 | 0.24 |
Q9 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.77 |
Q10 | 0.075 | 0.37 | 0.007 * |
Q11 | <0.001 * | 0.76 | 0.006 * |
Q12 | 0.003 * | 0.102 | 0.192 |
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Share and Cite
Singaraju, A.; Rudravaram, V.R.K.; Nuvvula, S.; Mallineni, S.K. Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Interventional Study among Schoolteachers from Andhra Pradesh. Pediatr. Rep. 2024, 16, 163-173. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010015
Singaraju A, Rudravaram VRK, Nuvvula S, Mallineni SK. Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Interventional Study among Schoolteachers from Andhra Pradesh. Pediatric Reports. 2024; 16(1):163-173. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010015
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingaraju, Anuja, Venkata Ratna Kumar Rudravaram, Sivakumar Nuvvula, and Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni. 2024. "Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Interventional Study among Schoolteachers from Andhra Pradesh" Pediatric Reports 16, no. 1: 163-173. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010015
APA StyleSingaraju, A., Rudravaram, V. R. K., Nuvvula, S., & Mallineni, S. K. (2024). Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Prospective Interventional Study among Schoolteachers from Andhra Pradesh. Pediatric Reports, 16(1), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric16010015