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Volume 17
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Uneven Implementation of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Resulted in Non-Uniform Reductions in RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Italy

by
Melodie O. Aricò
1,*,
Francesco Accomando
1,2,
Daniela Trotta
3,
Giulia Marozzi
4,5,
Anthea Mariani
3,
Claudia Rossini
6,
Claudio Cafagno
6,
Letizia Lorusso
7,
Martina Fornaro
4,
Enrico Valletta
1,
Désirée Caselli
6 and
Maurizio Aricò
3
1
Department of Pediatrics, G. B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
2
School of Pediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
3
Pediatrics, S. Spirito Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Pescara, 65124 Pescara, Italy
4
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Ospedale Generale Provinciale, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale Macerata, 62100 Macerata, Italy
5
School of Pediatrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
6
Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Giovanni XXIII, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, 701243 Bari, Italy
7
School of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2025, 17(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050115
Submission received: 11 July 2025 / Revised: 10 August 2025 / Accepted: 29 August 2025 / Published: 12 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Infection Prevention and Control)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis remains a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. In the 2024–2025 season, passive newborn immunization with nirsevimab, a long-acting anti-RSV monoclonal antibody, was introduced for the first time in Italy. However, the immunization campaign was not uniformly implemented on a regional basis due to supply and organizational difficulties. The aim of the study was to assess the real-world impact of nirsevimab prophylaxis during the 2024–2025 bronchiolitis season in four regions of Italy. Methods. This multicenter observational study included infants <12 months hospitalized for bronchiolitis across four Italian centers. Hospitalizations due to RSV and non-RSV bronchiolitis were compared across the 2023–2024 and 2024–2025 seasons, in relation to the timing and coverage of nirsevimab’s introduction in each of the four regions. Results. Early and widespread nirsevimab administration was associated with a significant reduction in RSV hospitalizations and severity of disease. Centers located in regions that had delayed implementation of immunization observed higher RSV burden and intensive care unit admissions. Admissions for non-RSV bronchiolitis remained stable. Conclusions. Timely and universal administration of nirsevimab significantly reduced RSV hospitalizations and severity, while delayed implementation resulted in limited benefit. These findings support early and uniform prophylaxis to mitigate health disparities and seasonal pressure on pediatric healthcare systems.
Keywords: bronchiolitis; respiratory syncytial virus; nirsevimab; health disparities bronchiolitis; respiratory syncytial virus; nirsevimab; health disparities

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aricò, M.O.; Accomando, F.; Trotta, D.; Marozzi, G.; Mariani, A.; Rossini, C.; Cafagno, C.; Lorusso, L.; Fornaro, M.; Valletta, E.; et al. Uneven Implementation of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Resulted in Non-Uniform Reductions in RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Italy. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2025, 17, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050115

AMA Style

Aricò MO, Accomando F, Trotta D, Marozzi G, Mariani A, Rossini C, Cafagno C, Lorusso L, Fornaro M, Valletta E, et al. Uneven Implementation of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Resulted in Non-Uniform Reductions in RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Italy. Infectious Disease Reports. 2025; 17(5):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050115

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aricò, Melodie O., Francesco Accomando, Daniela Trotta, Giulia Marozzi, Anthea Mariani, Claudia Rossini, Claudio Cafagno, Letizia Lorusso, Martina Fornaro, Enrico Valletta, and et al. 2025. "Uneven Implementation of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Resulted in Non-Uniform Reductions in RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Italy" Infectious Disease Reports 17, no. 5: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050115

APA Style

Aricò, M. O., Accomando, F., Trotta, D., Marozzi, G., Mariani, A., Rossini, C., Cafagno, C., Lorusso, L., Fornaro, M., Valletta, E., Caselli, D., & Aricò, M. (2025). Uneven Implementation of Nirsevimab Prophylaxis Resulted in Non-Uniform Reductions in RSV-Related Hospitalizations in Italy. Infectious Disease Reports, 17(5), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr17050115

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