Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Demographic and ART-Related Characteristics of Patients with HIV
3.2. The Proportion of Adherence to ART
3.3. Determinants of Patients’ Adherence
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
6. Patents
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Frequency and Percentage (n, %) | Adherence | p-Value ** | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n, %) | No (n, %) | |||
Age | ||||
≥35 years old | 188 (53.7) | 151 (80.3) | 37 (19.7) | 0.03 |
<35 years old | 162 (46.3) | 114 (70.4) | 48 (29.6) | |
Gender | ||||
Male | 220 (62.9) | 165 (75.0) | 55 (25.0) | 0.685 |
Female | 130 (37.1) | 100 (76.9) | 30 (23.1) | |
Marital status | ||||
Married | 166 (47.4) | 140 (84.3) | 26 (15.7) | <0.001 |
Single | 184 (52.6) | 125 (67.9) | 59 (32.1) | |
Currently living with | ||||
Relatives, friends | 295 (84.3) | 225 (76.3) | 70 (23.7) | 0.574 |
Alone | 55 (15.7) | 40 (72.7) | 15 (27.3) | |
Home-to-clinic distance | ||||
<20 km | 108 (30.9) | 74 (68.5) | 34 (31.5) | 0.036 |
≥20 km | 242 (69.1) | 191 (78.9) | 51 (21.1) | |
Level of education | ||||
Upper secondary | 206 (58.9) | 161 (78.2) | 45 (21.8) | 0.203 |
Lower secondary | 144 (41.1) | 104 (72.2) | 40 (27.8) | |
Occupation | ||||
Employment | 285 (81.4) | 216 (75.8) | 69 (24.2) | 0.945 |
Unemployment | 65 (18.6) | 49 (75.4) | 16 (24.6) | |
Work away from home | ||||
Yes | 135 (38.6) | 94 (69.6) | 41 (30.4) | 0.035 |
No | 215 (61.4) | 171 (79.5) | 44 (20.5) | |
HIV transmission route | ||||
Sexual behaviors | 333 (95.1) | 255 (76.6) | 78 (23.4) | 0.142 * |
Drug abuse and mother–child | 17 (4.9) | 10 (58.8) | 7 (41.2) | |
Clinical stage during treatment | ||||
Stage I, II | 341 (97.4) | 257 (75.4) | 84 (24.6) | 0.693 * |
Stage III, IV | 9 (2.6) | 8 (88.9) | 1 (11.1) | |
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | ||||
≥200 | 283 (83.7) | 212 (74.9) | 71 (25.1) | 0.272 |
<200 | 55 (16.3) | 45 (81.8) | 10 (18.2) | |
Opportunistic infection | ||||
Yes | 10 (2.9) | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 0.067 * |
No | 340 (97.1) | 260 (76.5) | 80 (23.5) | |
Hepatitis B and C virus coinfection | ||||
Yes | 312 (89.1) | 236 (75.6) | 76 (24.4) | 0.927 |
No | 38 (10.9) | 29 (76.3) | 9 (23.7) | |
ART regimen | ||||
First-line ART | 340 (97.1) | 256 (75.3) | 84 (24.7) | 0.461 * |
Second-line ART | 10 (2.9) | 9 (90.0) | 1 (10.0) | |
Viral load (copies/mL) | ||||
<20 cps | 305 (89.7) | 230 (75.4) | 75 (24.6) | 0.821 |
>20 cps | 35 (10.3) | 27 (77.1) | 8 (22.9) | |
Dosing times | ||||
Once a day | 299 (85.4) | 224 (74.9) | 75 (25.1) | 0.399 |
Twice a day | 51 (14.6) | 41 (80.4) | 10 (19.6) | |
Drug abuse | ||||
Yes | 244 (69.7) | 173 (70.9) | 71 (29.1) | 0.001 |
No | 106 (30.3) | 92 (86.8) | 14 (13.2) | |
Drug side effects | ||||
Yes | 304 (86.9) | 228 (75.0) | 76 (25.0) | 0.423 |
No | 46 (13.1) | 37 (80.4) | 9 (19.6) | |
General knowledge about ART | ||||
Yes | 217 (62.0) | 180 (82.9) | 37 (17.1) | <0.001 |
No | 133 (38.0) | 85 (63.9) | 48 (36.1) | |
Patients with stress, anxiety, depression | ||||
Yes | 160 (45.7) | 128 (80.0) | 32 (20.0) | 0.086 |
No | 190 (54.3) | 137 (72.1) | 53 (27.9) | |
Patients’ quality of life after treatment | ||||
Better | 239 (68.3) | 197 (82.4) | 42 (17.6) | <0.001 |
Normal | 111 (31.7) | 68 (61.3) | 43 (38.7) | |
Patients want to stop using drugs after improvement | ||||
Yes | 56 (16.0) | 28 (50.0) | 28 (50.0) | <0.001 |
No | 294 (84.0) | 237 (80.6) | 57 (19.4) | |
Prompting of medication | ||||
Self-managing | 293 (83.7) | 229 (78.2) | 64 (21.8) | 0.016 |
Spouses, parents, siblings | 57 (16.3) | 36 (63.2) | 21 (36.8) | |
Waiting time for medical examination | ||||
Fast | 143 (40.9) | 120 (83.9) | 23 (16.1) | 0.003 |
Normal | 207 (59.1) | 145 (70.0) | 62 (30.0) | |
Satisfaction of medical services | ||||
Very satisfied | 188 (53.7) | 160 (85.1) | 28 (14.9) | <0.001 |
Satisfied | 162 (46.3) | 105 (64.8) | 57 (35.2) | |
Feeling uncomfortable with treatment adherence | ||||
Yes | 37 (10.6) | 27 (73.0) | 10 (27.0) | 0.681 |
No | 313 (89.4) | 238 (76.0) | 75 (24.0) | |
Self-assessment of adherence to treatment | ||||
High adherence | 282 (80.6) | 240 (85.1) | 42 (14.9) | <0.001 |
Medium and low adherence | 68 (19.4) | 25 (36.8) | 43 (63.2) | |
Treatment period (months) | ||||
Months (mean ± SD) | 350 (100) | 48.89 ± 36.13 | 51.25 ± 33.22 | 0.593 *** |
Adherence Assessment | Frequency (n = 350) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|
Take the right medicine | ||
Yes | 344 | 98.3 |
No | 6 | 1.7 |
Take correct dose | ||
Yes | 302 | 86.3 |
No | 48 | 13.7 |
Take medicine on time | ||
Yes | 306 | 87.4 |
No | 44 | 12.6 |
Take medicine properly in combination with eating and drinking | ||
Yes | 332 | 94.9 |
No | 18 | 5.1 |
Routine follow-up | ||
Yes | 348 | 99.4 |
No | 2 | 0.6 |
Adherence to treatment | ||
Yes | 265 | 75.7 |
No | 85 | 24.3 |
Features | Univariable Regression Logistic | Multivariable Regression Logistic | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | p-Value | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
Marital Status | ||||
Married | 2.54 (1.51–4.28) | <0.001 | 2.29 (1.25–4.19) | 0.007 |
Single * | - | - | - | - |
Work away from home | ||||
No | 1.7 (1.03–2.78) | 0.036 | 2.15 (1.19–3.89) | 0.011 |
Yes * | - | - | - | - |
Drug abuse | ||||
No | 2.7 (1.44–5.05) | 0.002 | 2.03 (1.01–4.08) | 0.048 |
Yes * | - | - | - | - |
General knowledge about ART treatment | ||||
Yes | 2.75 (1.67–4.53) | <0.001 | 1.99 (1.1–3.64) | 0.026 |
No * | - | - | - | - |
Stop using drugs after improvement | ||||
No | 4.16 (2.29–7.56) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.04–4.46) | 0.039 |
Yes * | - | - | - | - |
Self-assessment of adherence to treatment | ||||
High adherence | 9.83 (5.44–17.77) | <0.001 | 5.97 (3.07–11.61) | <0.001 |
Medium and low adherence * | - | - | - | - |
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Nguyen, P.M.; Thach, A.N.; Pham, X.D.; Lam, A.N.; Nguyen, T.N.P.; Duong, C.X.; Nguyen, L.V.; Nguyen, T.H.; Pham, S.T.; Taxis, K.; et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2021, 13, 126-135. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010014
Nguyen PM, Thach AN, Pham XD, Lam AN, Nguyen TNP, Duong CX, Nguyen LV, Nguyen TH, Pham ST, Taxis K, et al. Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam. Infectious Disease Reports. 2021; 13(1):126-135. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010014
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Phuong M., Anh N. Thach, Xuan D. Pham, Anh N. Lam, Thao N. P. Nguyen, Chu X. Duong, Lam V. Nguyen, Thao H. Nguyen, Suol T. Pham, Katja Taxis, and et al. 2021. "Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam" Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 1: 126-135. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010014
APA StyleNguyen, P. M., Thach, A. N., Pham, X. D., Lam, A. N., Nguyen, T. N. P., Duong, C. X., Nguyen, L. V., Nguyen, T. H., Pham, S. T., Taxis, K., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Medication Adherence among Patients with HIV/AIDS in Southern Vietnam. Infectious Disease Reports, 13(1), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13010014