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Neurology International
Volume 8
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10.4081/ni.2016.5939
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Neurology International is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.
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Review

Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System

by
Rhailana Fontes
1,
Jéssica Ribeiro
1,
Daya S. Gupta
2,
Dionis Machado
3,
Fernando Lopes-Júnior
1,
Francisco Magalhães
1,
Victor Hugo Bastos
3,*,
Kaline Rocha
1,
Victor Marinho
1,
Gildário Lima
4,
Bruna Velasques
5,
Pedro Ribeiro
5,
Marco Orsini
5,6,7,
Bruno Pessoa
7,
Marco Antonio Araujo Leite
7 and
Silmar Teixeira
1
1
Brain Mapping and Plasticity Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
2
Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
3
Laboratory of Brain Mapping and Functionality, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
4
Neurophisic Applied Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
5
Brain Mapping and and Sensory-Motor Integration Laboratory, Psychiatry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
6
Rehabilitation Science Program, Analysis of Human Movement Laboratory, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
7
Neurology Department, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Neurol. Int. 2016, 8(1), 5939; https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939
Submission received: 5 April 2015 / Revised: 24 November 2015 / Accepted: 30 November 2015 / Published: 1 April 2016

Abstract

The five senses have specific ways to receive environmental information and lead to central nervous system. The perception of time is the sum of stimuli associated with cognitive processes and environmental changes. Thus, the perception of time requires a complex neural mechanism and may be changed by emotional state, level of attention, memory and diseases. Despite this knowledge, the neural mechanisms of time perception are not yet fully understood. The objective is to relate the mechanisms involved the neurofunctional aspects, theories, executive functions and pathologies that contribute the understanding of temporal perception. Articles form 1980 to 2015 were searched by using the key themes: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, theories, time cells, memory, schizophrenia, depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Parkinson’s disease combined with the term perception of time. We evaluated 158 articles within the inclusion criteria for the purpose of the study. We conclude that research about the holdings of the frontal cortex, parietal, basal ganglia, cerebellum and hippocampus have provided advances in the understanding of the regions related to the perception of time. In neurological and psychiatric disorders, the understanding of time depends on the severity of the diseases and the type of tasks.
Keywords: Time perception; time cells; memory; psychiatric diseases Time perception; time cells; memory; psychiatric diseases

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Fontes, R.; Ribeiro, J.; Gupta, D.S.; Machado, D.; Lopes-Júnior, F.; Magalhães, F.; Bastos, V.H.; Rocha, K.; Marinho, V.; Lima, G.; et al. Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System. Neurol. Int. 2016, 8, 5939. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939

AMA Style

Fontes R, Ribeiro J, Gupta DS, Machado D, Lopes-Júnior F, Magalhães F, Bastos VH, Rocha K, Marinho V, Lima G, et al. Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System. Neurology International. 2016; 8(1):5939. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fontes, Rhailana, Jéssica Ribeiro, Daya S. Gupta, Dionis Machado, Fernando Lopes-Júnior, Francisco Magalhães, Victor Hugo Bastos, Kaline Rocha, Victor Marinho, Gildário Lima, and et al. 2016. "Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System" Neurology International 8, no. 1: 5939. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939

APA Style

Fontes, R., Ribeiro, J., Gupta, D. S., Machado, D., Lopes-Júnior, F., Magalhães, F., Bastos, V. H., Rocha, K., Marinho, V., Lima, G., Velasques, B., Ribeiro, P., Orsini, M., Pessoa, B., Araujo Leite, M. A., & Teixeira, S. (2016). Time Perception Mechanisms at Central Nervous System. Neurology International, 8(1), 5939. https://doi.org/10.4081/ni.2016.5939

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