Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Population and Data Collection
2.2. Diagnosis of NCSE
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Frequency | Percentage | |
---|---|---|
Sex | ||
Female | 111 | 55.5 |
Male | 89 | 44.5 |
Previous Epilepsy Diagnosis | ||
Yes | 80 | 40.0 |
No | 120 | 60.0 |
Previous use of ASMs | ||
Yes | 92 | 46 |
No | 108 | 54 |
Polytherapy/Monotherapy | ||
Monotherapy | 53 | 57.6 |
Polytherapy | 39 | 42.4 |
Epilepsy classification | ||
Focal Epilepsy | 190 | 95.0 |
Generalized epilepsy | 7 | 3.5 |
Unclassified | 3 | 1.5 |
Previous NCSE | ||
Yes | 58 | 29.0 |
No | 95 | 47.5 |
Unknown | 47 | 23.5 |
Etiology * | ||
Stroke | 39 | 17.6 |
CNS infection | 12 | 5.4 |
Cerebral tumor | 23 | 10.4 |
Epilepsy | 67 | 30.2 |
Dementia | 7 | 3.2 |
Intracranial hemorrhage | 19 | 8.6 |
Electrolyte imbalance | 15 | 6.8 |
Systemic infection | 28 | 12.6 |
Autoimmune encephalitis | 7 | 3.2 |
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | 5 | 2.3 |
Etiology (by category) | ||
Acute symptomatic | 88 | 44 |
Remote symptomatic | 26 | 13 |
Progressive symptomatic | 86 | 43 |
Mortality | ||
Yes | 76 | 38.4 |
No | 122 | 61.6 |
Mortality | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mortality | No Mortality | ||
n (%) | n (%) | p | |
Etiology | |||
CVD | 21 (53.8) | 18 (46.2) | 0.041 (**) |
CNS infection | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 0.660 (**) |
Mass in brain | 14 (63.6) | 8 (36.4) | 0.014 (*) |
Epilepsy | 12 (17.9) | 55 (82.1) | <0.001 (*) |
Dementia | 4 (57.1) | 3 (42.9) | 0.327 (**) |
Intracranial hemorrhage | 7 (36.8) | 12 (63.2) | 0.813 (*) |
Electrolyte imbalance | 7 (50) | 7 (50) | 0.548 (*) |
Infection and others | 16 (57.1) | 12 (42.9) | 0.066 (*) |
Autoimmune encephalitis | 1 (14.3) | 6 (85.7) | 0.248 (**) |
HIE | 1 (20) | 4 (80) | 0.552 (**) |
Test statistics | 39.012 | ||
p * | <0.001 |
Mortality | Univariate | Multiple | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | OR (%95 CI) | p | OR (%95 CI) | p | |
Age | 50.8 ± 21.3 | 71.4 ± 14.6 | 1.061 (1.04–1.082) | <0.001 | 1.064 (1.034–1.094) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 65 (59.1) | 45 (40.9) | Reference | |||
Male | 57 (64.8) | 31 (35.2) | 1.273 (0.713–2.272) | 0.414 | 1.003 (0.511–1.969) | 0.991 |
Epilepsy | ||||||
No | 59 (50) | 59 (50) | Reference | |||
Yes | 63 (78.8) | 17 (21.3) | 0.27 (0.141–0.515) | <0.001 | 0.373 (0.064–2.187) | 0.275 |
Previous ASM | ||||||
No | 56 (52.8) | 50 (47.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 66 (71.7) | 26 (28.3) | 0.441 (0.244–0.798) | 0.007 | 2.077 (0.659–6.544) | 0.212 |
ASM | ||||||
Monotherapy | 32 (60.4) | 21 (39.6) | Reference | |||
Polytherapy | 34 (87.2) | 5 (12.8) | 0.224 (0.075–0.665) | 0.007 | -- | -- |
Mortality | Univariate | p | Multiple | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | OR (%95 CI) | OR (%95 CI) | |||
Post-treatment EEG | ||||||
Not availiable | 31(59.6) | 21(40.4) | Reference | |||
Improved | 77(66.4) | 39(33.6) | 0.748 (0.381−1.468) | 0.398 | 0.347 (0.135−0.891) | 0.028 |
No change | 9 (50) | 9(50) | 1.476 (0.503−4.335) | 0.479 | 0.785 (0.125−4.915) | 0.796 |
Deteriorated | 5 (41.7) | 7 (58.3) | 2.067 (0.578−7.391) | 0.264 | 0.937 (0.155−5.666) | 0.944 |
Etiology CVD No | 106(65.8) | 55(34.2) | Reference | |||
Yes | 16(43.2) | 21(56.8) | 2.53 (1.222–5.235) | 0.012 | 1.798 (0.583–5.549) | 0.307 |
Post-Treatment EEG | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Improved | No Change | Deteriorated | No Control EEG | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Etiology | ||||
CVD | 29 (74.4) | 3 (7.7) | 1 (2.6) | 6 (15.4) |
CNS infection | 7 (58.3) | 1 (8.3) | -- | 4 (33.3) |
Cerebral tumor | 9 (39.1) | 9 (13) | 2 (8.7) | 9 (39.1) |
Epilepsy | 39 (58.2) | 6 (9) | 3 (4.5) | 19 (28.4) |
Dementia | 3 (42.9) | -- | 1 (14.3) | 3 (42.9) |
Intracranial hemorrhage | 9 (47.4) | 4 (21.1) | 1 (5.3) | 5 (26.3) |
Electrolyte imbalance | 8 (53.3) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (6.7) | 5 (33.3) |
Infection and other | 13 (46.4) | 2 (7.1) | 4 (14.3) | 9 (32.1) |
Autoimmune encephalitis | 7 (100) | -- | -- | -- |
HIE | 2 (40) | -- | -- | 3 (60) |
Test statistics | 31.213 | |||
p * | 0.405 |
Post-Treatment EEG | Univariate | Multiple | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Improved | Deterioration-No Change | OR (%95 CI) | p | OR (%95 CI) | p | |
Age | 59.3 ± 20.9 | 64.2 ± 21.9 | 1.012 (0.992–1.032) | 0.256 | 1.012 (0.98–1.044) | 0.472 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 65 (79.3) | 17 (20.7) | Reference | |||
Male | 52 (78.8) | 14 (21.2) | 1.029 (0.464–2.281) | 0.943 | 1.097 (0.481–2.502) | 0.824 |
Epilepsy | ||||||
No | 69 (78.4) | 19 (21.6) | Reference | |||
Yes | 48 (80) | 12 (20) | 0.908 (0.403–2.043) | 0.815 | 0.05 (0.003–0.763) | 0.031 |
Previous ASM | ||||||
No | 64 (82.1) | 14 (17.9) | Reference | |||
Yes | 51 (75) | 17 (25) | 0.656 (0.296–1.457) | 0.300 | 0.211 (0.054–0.818) | 0.024 |
ASM | ||||||
Monotherapy | 25 (64.1) | 14 (35.9) | Reference | |||
Polytherapy | 26 (89.7) | 3 (10.3) | 0.206 (0.053–0.805) | 0.023 | --- | --- |
Previous NCSE | ||||||
Unknown | 26 (83.9) | 5 (16.1) | Reference | |||
Yes | 34 (70.8) | 14 (29.2) | 2.141 (0.684–6.706) | 0.191 | 2.89 (0.721–11.614) | 0.134 |
No | 57 (82.6) | 12 (17.4) | 1.095 (0.35–3.429) | 0.877 | 0.189 (0.025–1.407) | 0.104 |
Post-Treatment EEG | Univariate | Multiple | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Improved | Deterioration-No Change | OR (%95 CI) | p | OR (%95 CI) | p | |
Etiology CVD | ||||||
No | 90 (76.9) | 27 (23.1) | Reference | |||
Yes | 27 (87.1) | 4 (12.9) | 0.494 (0.159–1.536) | 0.223 | 1.011 (0.15–6.803) | 0.991 |
MRI findings | ||||||
MRI normal | 40 (75.5) | 13 (24.5) | Reference | |||
Lesion in MRI | 77 (81.1) | 18 (18.9) | 0.719 (0.32–1.616) | 0.425 | 0.682 (0.203–2.289) | 0.536 |
Mortality | ||||||
No | 77 (84.6) | 14 (15.4) | Reference | |||
Yes | 39 (70.9) | 16 (29.1) | 2.256 (1–5.093) | 0.050 | 2.61 (0.622–10.979) | 0.190 |
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Uçan Tokuç, F.E.; Görgülü, E.; Genç, F.; Korucuk, M.; Erdal, A.; Biçer Gömceli, Y. Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Neurol. Int. 2025, 17, 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17020029
Uçan Tokuç FE, Görgülü E, Genç F, Korucuk M, Erdal A, Biçer Gömceli Y. Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Neurology International. 2025; 17(2):29. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17020029
Chicago/Turabian StyleUçan Tokuç, Firdevs Ezgi, Emine Görgülü, Fatma Genç, Meltem Korucuk, Abidin Erdal, and Yasemin Biçer Gömceli. 2025. "Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus" Neurology International 17, no. 2: 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17020029
APA StyleUçan Tokuç, F. E., Görgülü, E., Genç, F., Korucuk, M., Erdal, A., & Biçer Gömceli, Y. (2025). Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus. Neurology International, 17(2), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17020029