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World Electric Vehicle Journal is published by MDPI from Volume 9 issue 1 (2018). Previous articles were published by The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA) and its member the European Association for e-Mobility (AVERE), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP). They are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with AVERE.
Retraction published on 23 March 2021, see World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12(1), 49.
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Article

Coupling local renewable energy production with electric vehicle charging: a survey of the French case

1
Department of Power and Energy Systems, SUPELEC E3S, France
2
Advanced Technologies and Innovation Research Department, PSA Peugeot Citroen, France
3
RITM Lab, University of Paris-Sud, 91400 Orsay, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2015, 7(4), 489-499; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj7040489
Published: 28 December 2015

Abstract

The share of renewable energy sources (RES)’ production in energy mixes, especially the ones of PV panels and wind farms, has been continuously increasing during the last few years. Similarly, a strong development of battery electric vehicles (EV) is expected within the next years. However, these two new innovations could trigger security issues on electrical grids, in particular local congestions and voltage deviations from the required standards. One way to mitigate these problems could be to combine the charging periods of the EVs with the local RES production. This paper aims at analysing the possibility to implement this kind of smart charging strategy in France by 2020, taking into account the wide diversity of local energy mixes in France and their seasonal dependencies. First, the authors identify four different energy mixes representative of most of the local French mixes, each one related to a region in France. Then, we model the charging load curves of the EVs at the substation level for the same regions. We deduce the “green charging ratio” (GCR) without any charging management strategy. The same ratio is then computed assuming that an Energy Management System (EMS), which goal is to maximize this ratio, controls the EV charging patterns. The results are provided for each region and seasons. They show a wide diversity of green charging ratio achievable: in very windy regions, the GCR without any EMS is already rather high; on the contrary, in sunny regions, the GCR is much improved with the implementation of the EMS. In such regions, the GCR can also be enhanced with the penetration of charging stations at working places.
Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources; Smart charging; Electric Vehicle Management Renewable Energy Sources; Smart charging; Electric Vehicle Management

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MDPI and ACS Style

Codani, P.; Portz, P.-L.L.; Claverie, P.; Perez, Y.; Petit, M. Coupling local renewable energy production with electric vehicle charging: a survey of the French case. World Electr. Veh. J. 2015, 7, 489-499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj7040489

AMA Style

Codani P, Portz P-LL, Claverie P, Perez Y, Petit M. Coupling local renewable energy production with electric vehicle charging: a survey of the French case. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2015; 7(4):489-499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj7040489

Chicago/Turabian Style

Codani, P., P-L. Le Portz, P Claverie, Y. Perez, and M. Petit. 2015. "Coupling local renewable energy production with electric vehicle charging: a survey of the French case" World Electric Vehicle Journal 7, no. 4: 489-499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj7040489

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