Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Different Vehicle Technologies in Singapore

Wong, Y.S.; Lu, Wen-Feng; Wang, Zizi

doi:10.3390/wevj4040912

Volume 4, Issue 4

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World Electric Vehicle Journal is published by MDPI from Volume 9 issue 1 (2018). Articles in this Issue were published by The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA) and its member the European Association for e-Mobility (AVERE), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP). They are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with AVERE.

Open AccessArticle

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Different Vehicle Technologies in Singapore

Y.S. Wong¹, Wen-Feng Lu^1,* and Zizi Wang²

Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore

Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117576, Singapore

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

World Electr. Veh. J. 2010, 4(4), 912-920; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj4040912

Published: 31 December 2010

PDF [158 KB, uploaded 18 May 2018]

Abstract

Singapore is a diamond-shaped island with several surrounding smaller islets. It has a flat coastline with a land area of 710 km^₂ in 2009. With a highly urbanized city and limited land space, Singapore has been faced with problems of road congestion and rapid growth in car population. Electric vehicles (EVs) provide low emission urban transportation. Even taking into account the emissions from power plants needed to fuel EVs, the use of EVs still reduce carbon dioxide emissions significantly. From the energy aspect, EVs are efficient. EVs are promising alternative fuel vehicles that can reduce energy consumptions and carbon dioxide emissions in Singapore. A life cycle cost model was built to calculate life cycle costs of EVs and internal combustion engine cars in Singapore. It was found that EV is the most expensive car under current Green Vehicle Rebate scheme. The EV will be economically viable in Singapore if there is a breakthrough at batteries to cut EV prices.

Keywords: Cost benefit analysis; energy efficiency; environmental impact; life cycle cost analysis

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).