Driving cycle characterization and generation, for design and control of fuel cell buses

Optimization routines for battery, supercap and fuel cell stack in a fuel cell based propulsion system face two problems: the tendency to cycle beating and the necessity to maintain identical amounts of stored energy in battery and supercap at the start and end of the driving cycle used in the simulation. A method is proposed to reduce these problems. The proposed method characterizes driving cycles and generates alternative cycles with an arbitrary length from an existing cycle, based on the characteristics of the original. The method is demonstrated with an existing driving cycle for buses and validated with measurements from a trolley bus in the region of Arnhem, the Netherlands.