Revealing the Way to Buying New Energy Vehicles: Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Green Trust
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Conceptual Framework and Assumptions
2.1. Green Perceived Value and Purchase Intention of NEV
2.1.1. GPV
2.1.2. Dimensions of GPV
2.1.3. The Impact of GPV on Consumers’ Purchase of NEV
2.2. Green Perceived Risk and Purchase Intention of NEV
2.2.1. GPR
2.2.2. Dimensions of GPR
2.2.3. Impact of GPR on Consumers’ Purchase of NEV
2.3. The Impact of GPV on GT
2.4. GPR and GT
2.5. GT and Willingness to Purchase NEV
2.6. The Moderating Effect of Environmental Awareness
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Sample Characteristics and Data Collection
3.2. Measurement Model
3.3. Structural Model
3.4. Adjustment Inspection
4. Discussion and Managerial Implications
4.1. Discussion
4.2. Managerial Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
List of Abbreviations
NEV | New Energy Vehicles |
GPV | Green Perceived Value |
GPR | Green Perceived Risk |
PI | Purchase Intention |
EA | Environmental Awareness |
Appendix A
Variable | Item | Measuring Item |
---|---|---|
Price Value (PV) | PV1 | I think the current pricing of new energy vehicles is reasonable |
PV2 | I think the price of new energy vehicles is within my acceptable range | |
PV3 | Long-term use of new energy vehicles can save me a lot of money | |
PV4 | I think it is worth it to buy new energy cars today | |
PV5 | I think a series of subsidy policies provided by the government for new energy vehicles will attract me to buy them | |
Emotional Value (EV) | EV1 | I think the intelligent equipment of new energy vehicles makes me feel comfortable |
EV2 | The energy-saving and environmental protection characteristics of new energy reduce environmental pollution and this makes me feel happy when using it | |
EV3 | I think new energy vehicles conform to the trend of The Times, letting me feel like I am advancing with The Times | |
EV4 | The appearance of new energy vehicles is stylish and makes me feel happy | |
Social Value (SV) | SV1 | I think buying a new energy car makes me feel socially responsible |
SV2 | I think buying new energy vehicles can make it easier for me to get praise and affirmation from others | |
SV3 | I think buying new energy cars can help me build a better personal image | |
SV4 | I think buying new energy cars can show my personal value and identity | |
Quality Value (QV) | QV1 | The energy consumption of new energy vehicles is small, and the battery life can meet my needs |
QV2 | New energy vehicles have stable performance and high safety when driving | |
QV3 | The battery life of new energy vehicles is long | |
QV4 | New energy vehicles are simple to operate | |
QV5 | New energy vehicles have fewer breakdowns | |
Green value (GV) | GV1 | The use of new energy vehicles will reduce environmental pollution |
GV2 | The use of new energy vehicles will be good for social development | |
Time Risk (TR) | TR1 | I think it will take me a lot of time to find the right brand and product information of new energy vehicles |
TR2 | I think it will take a lot of time to fully understand the performance and use skills of new energy vehicles | |
Financial Risk (FR) | FR1 | I am worried that the new energy vehicle-related laws and insurance systems are not sound enough to cause financial losses |
FR2 | I will worry about the property loss caused by the imperfect charging, maintenance, and repair facilities of new energy vehicles | |
FR3 | I think the price of new energy vehicles is too high | |
FR4 | I am worried about the high cost of using and maintaining new energy vehicles | |
Security Risks (SR) | SR1 | I will worry that the technology of new energy vehicles is not safe or mature enough so may cause harm to personal safety |
SR2 | I will worry about the potential battery safety problems in new energy vehicles that cannot be found in time when they are purchased | |
SR3 | I worry that driving new energy vehicles for a long time will do harm to my health | |
Functional Risk (FU) | FU1 | I am worried that the performance of new energy vehicles will not meet my expectations |
FU2 | I am worried that the performance of the car I bought is not up to the hype | |
FU3 | I am worried that the industry technology of new energy vehicles is not mature enough and there are certain defects | |
Green Trust (GT) | K1 | I think the environmental reputation of green food is solid |
K2 | I think the environmental performance of green food is reliable | |
K3 | I think the environmental claims of green food are credible | |
K4 | I think green food promises to protect the environment | |
Environmental Awareness (EA) | EA1 | Waste batteries can be harmful to the environment and human health |
EA2 | I would spend more money on products that prevent environmental pollution | |
EA3 | Poor conditions can lead to health problems | |
EA4 | I will support organizations that support environmental issues | |
Purchase Intention (PI) | I1 | Compared with traditional fuel cars, I will give priority to buying new energy cars |
I2 | I would like to buy new energy vehicles in the near future | |
I3 | I will give priority to new energy vehicles when buying my next car | |
I4 | I will recommend to my friends and relatives to buy new energy vehicles |
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Characteristics | Category | Frequency (N) | Percent (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 67 | 22 |
Female | 237 | 78 | |
Age | ≤25 s | 242 | 79.6 |
35 s | 54 | 17.8 | |
45 s | 5 | 1.6 | |
≥55 s | 3 | 1 | |
Monthly gross income | 2000–5000 | 199 | 65.5 |
5001–8000 | 70 | 23 | |
8001–15,000 | 27 | 8.9 | |
15,001–20,000 | 8 | 2.6 | |
Regions | Pearl River Delta region | 141 | 46.4 |
other areas | 52 | 17.1 | |
Yangtze River Delta region | 24 | 7.9 | |
Beijing–Tianjin Wing Area | 87 | 28.6 | |
Professionals | General staff | 216 | 71.1 |
Senior management | 52 | 17.1 | |
Technical professionals | 12 | 3.9 | |
Civil servants | 9 | 3 | |
Others | 15 | 4.9 | |
Education degree | Senior high school or below | 4 | 1.3 |
Junior college | 20 | 6.6 | |
Bachelor | 253 | 83.2 | |
Master or above | 27 | 8.9 |
Constructs | Items | Standardized Factor Loadings | Cronbach’s Alpha | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPV | PV | 0.771 | 0.861 | 0.866 | 0.564 |
EV | 0.697 | 0.823 | |||
SV | 0.74 | 0.879 | |||
QV | 0.781 | 0.872 | |||
GV | 0.763 | 0.836 | |||
GPR | TR | 0.607 | 0.738 | 0.828 | 0.549 |
FR | 0.738 | 0.815 | |||
SR | 0.806 | 0.791 | |||
Fr | 0.796 | 0.844 | |||
GT | GT1 | 0.859 | 0.852 | 0.857 | 0.601 |
GT2 | 0.771 | ||||
GT3 | 0.789 | ||||
GT4 | 0.67 | ||||
EA | EA1 | 0.905 | 0.901 | 0.902 | 0.699 |
EA2 | 0.863 | ||||
EA3 | 0.722 | ||||
EA4 | 0.843 | ||||
PI | PI1 | 0.867 | 0.875 | 0.876 | 0.64 |
PI2 | 0.811 | ||||
PI3 | 0.763 | ||||
PI4 | 0.753 |
Variable | GPV | GPR | GT | EA | PI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPV | 0.751 | ||||
GPR | −0.425 ** | 0.741 | |||
GT | 0.497 ** | −0.455 ** | 0.775 | ||
EA | 0.349 ** | −0.177 ** | 0.315 ** | 0.836 | |
PI | 0.532 ** | −0.473 ** | 0.586 ** | 0.364 ** | 0.800 |
Fit Indicator | CNIN/DF | RMR | GFI | AGFI | RMSEA | IFI | CFI | NFI | TLI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fit standard | <3 | <0.08 | >0.9 | >0.8 | <0.08 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 | >0.9 |
Statistics | 1.261 | 0.023 | 0.946 | 0.926 | 0.029 | 0.987 | 0.987 | 0.941 | 0.984 |
Path | Standardized Coefficient | p Value | Hypothesis Supported? | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GT | <— | GPV | 0.413 | 0.000 *** | Yes |
GT | <— | GPR | −0.329 | 0.000 *** | Yes |
PI | <— | GPV | 0.295 | 0.000 *** | Yes |
PI | <— | GPR | −0.204 | 0.006 *** | Yes |
PI | <— | GT | 0.378 | 0.000 *** | Yes |
Path | Standardized Effect Size | Bias-Corrected | Percentile | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
95%CI | 95%CI | ||||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||
Total effect | |||||
GPV —> PI | 0.451 | 0.308 | 0.592 | 0.295 | 0.584 |
GPR —> PI | −0.328 | −0.495 | −0.15 | −0.506 | −0.162 |
Indirect effect | |||||
GPV —> GT —> PI | 0.156 | 0.069 | 0.26 | 0.061 | 0.251 |
GPR —> GT —> PI | −0.124 | −0.242 | −0.053 | −0.228 | −0.044 |
Direct effect | |||||
GPV —> PI | 0.295 | 0.118 | 0.466 | 0.113 | 0.463 |
GPR —> PI | −0.204 | −0.364 | −0.027 | −0.381 | −0.045 |
Variable | PI | ||
---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
Estimates | Estimates | Estimates | |
Gender | 0.001 | 0.043 | 0.011 |
Age | 0.082 | 0.033 | 0.028 |
Monthly disposable income | −0.154 ** | −0.051 | −0.111 * |
Regions | 0.091 | 0.062 | 0.059 |
Professionals | 0.011 | −0.052 | −0.04 |
Education level | −0.028 | −0.024 | −0.042 |
GPV | 0.513 *** | −0.342 *** | 0.567 *** |
EA | 0.169 ** | 0.35 *** | 0.151 ** |
EA × GPV | 0.124 * | ||
EA × GPR | 0.166 ** | ||
EA × GT | 0.138 ** | ||
R2 | 0.361 | 0.342 | 0.414 |
ΔR2 | 0.013 | 0.019 | 0.015 |
F | 18.485 *** | 16.991 *** | 23.042 *** |
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© 2024 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the World Electric Vehicle Association. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Su, H.; Wan, Y. Revealing the Way to Buying New Energy Vehicles: Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Green Trust. World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15110499
Su H, Wan Y. Revealing the Way to Buying New Energy Vehicles: Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Green Trust. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2024; 15(11):499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15110499
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Haiyang, and Yuanyuan Wan. 2024. "Revealing the Way to Buying New Energy Vehicles: Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Green Trust" World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 11: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15110499
APA StyleSu, H., & Wan, Y. (2024). Revealing the Way to Buying New Energy Vehicles: Green Perceived Value, Green Perceived Risk, Environmental Awareness, and Green Trust. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 15(11), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15110499