Assessing Finite Control Set Model Predictive Speed Controlled PMSM Performance for Deployment in Electric Vehicles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Able to provide high starting torque;
- Higher torque and output power per unit volume due to the usage of permanent magnets;
- High magnetic flux density in the air gap allows for better dynamic performance of the motor, which is essential when using EVs;
- High efficiency since there are no energy losses in the field due to usage of permanent magnets;
- Flux weakening technique can be used to increase the maximum speed that can be attained in the constant power region;
- Motor is compact, and its construction is simple.
- Uses a model for future prediction of control variables, thereby making it fast;
- Good transient response due to the reduced number of controllers;
- Incorporates a cost function which can have additional constraints such as switching frequency reduction, torque ripple minimization, etc. [2].
Technology Gap and Contribution of the Proposed Work
2. FOC Theory and Modeling
FOC Principle
- Conversion of stator current from three-phase abc frame to two-phase stationary dq frame (Forward Park Transform).
- Using PI controllers to control the dq0 currents by generating gating signals for the PWM Inverter.
- Application of inverter voltage to the PMSM to obtain the required torque and speed.
3. FCS-MPC Theory and Modeling
- Implementing a mathematical model for the system in consideration, which is used to predict the future values of the control variable;
- Implementing a cost function to minimize error in the control variables.
4. Simulation Modeling and Demonstration
- Best-Case Condition: Constant Speed and Constant Torque.
- Worst-Case Condition: Variable Speed and Variable Torque.
- Case 1: Constant Speed and Constant Torque
- Case 2: Variable Speed and Variable Torque
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Results for Case 1
5.2. Results for Case 2
5.3. Real-Time Operating Results Using OPAL-RT
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Stator three phase voltages | |
Direct and Quadrature axis voltages | |
Direct and Quadrature axis currents | |
Rotor flux linkages | |
Number of pole pairs | |
present value of Quadrature axis voltage | |
present value of Direct axis current | |
present value of Quadrature axis current | |
Reference value of Direct axis current | |
Reference value of Quadrature axis current | |
Electro magnetic Torque | |
Stator restistance per phase | |
Stator inductance per pahse | |
Sampling time | |
present value of Direct axis voltage | |
Future value of Direct axis current | |
Future value of Quadrature axis current | |
Angular velocity of the rotor | |
Reference Torque | |
Maximum permissible dq currents for motor | |
Switching state minimization | |
WLTP | Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Rotor Type | Salient Pole |
Stator Resistance per phase | 0.02 Ω |
Direct and Quadrature Axis Inductance | 1.7 and 3.2 mH |
Flux Linkage in Airgap | 0.2205 V.s |
No. of Pole Pairs | 4 |
Rated Torque | 8 Nm |
Rated Speed | 2000 rpm |
Rated Power | 2.8 kW |
PI Controller 1 | KP = 0.1, KI = 0.1 |
PI Controller 2 | KP = 7.74, KI = 26.84 |
PI Controller 3 | KP = 7.74, KI = 26.84 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
Weight | 125 kg |
Rolling resistance coefficient (Crr) | 0.01 |
Drag coefficient (Cd) | 0.2 |
Frontal area | 0.85 square meters |
Wheel radius | 0.16 m |
Air density | 1.22 kg/meter cube |
Velocity | 75 Kmph |
Steady State Characteristic | FOC | FCS-MPC |
---|---|---|
Speed SSE (%) | 0.15 | −0.003 |
Torque Ripple (%) | 0.2 | 0.14 |
Operating Condition | Dynamic Characteristic | FOC | FCS-MPC |
---|---|---|---|
Ramp change in speed at t = 0.1 s | Speed Undershoot (%) Speed Overshoot (%) | 15 0 | 0 0 |
Speed Settling Time (s) | 0.01 | 0.005 | |
Ramp change in speed at t = 0.3 s | Speed Overshoot (%) | 0.01 | 0 |
Speed Settling Time (s) | 0.003 | 0.0001 | |
Torque step increase from 1 to 5 Nm | Torque Settling Time (s) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Torque step decrease from 5 to 1 Nm | Torque Settling Time (s) | 0.0045 | 0.005 |
Steady State Characteristic | FOC | FCS-MPC |
---|---|---|
Speed SSE (%) | 2 | 0.004 |
Torque Ripple (%) | 0.15 | 0.12 |
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Murali, A.; Wahab, R.S.; Gade, C.S.R.; Annamalai, C.; Subramaniam, U. Assessing Finite Control Set Model Predictive Speed Controlled PMSM Performance for Deployment in Electric Vehicles. World Electr. Veh. J. 2021, 12, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010041
Murali A, Wahab RS, Gade CSR, Annamalai C, Subramaniam U. Assessing Finite Control Set Model Predictive Speed Controlled PMSM Performance for Deployment in Electric Vehicles. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2021; 12(1):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010041
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurali, Abhishek, Razia Sultana Wahab, Chandra Sekhar Reddy Gade, Chitra Annamalai, and Umashankar Subramaniam. 2021. "Assessing Finite Control Set Model Predictive Speed Controlled PMSM Performance for Deployment in Electric Vehicles" World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, no. 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010041