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Future Internet
Volume 17
Issue 8
10.3390/fi17080338
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

A Lightweight Authentication Method for Industrial Internet of Things Based on Blockchain and Chebyshev Chaotic Maps

by
Zhonghao Zhai
1,†,
Junyi Liu
1,
Xinying Liu
1,
Yanqin Mao
2,
Xinjun Zhang
3,
Jialin Ma
1 and
Chunhua Jin
1,*
1
Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223025, China
2
School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210049, China
3
School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: No. 1, EastMeicheng Road, Qingjiangpu District, Huai’an 223003, China.
Future Internet 2025, 17(8), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080338
Submission received: 22 May 2025 / Revised: 14 July 2025 / Accepted: 22 July 2025 / Published: 28 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies for Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things (IoT))
Versions Notes

Abstract

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), a key enabler of Industry 4.0, integrates advanced communication technologies with the industrial economy to enable intelligent manufacturing and interconnected systems. Secure and reliable identity authentication in the IIoT becomes essential as connectivity expands across devices, systems, and domains. Blockchain technology presents a promising solution due to its decentralized, tamper-resistant, and traceable characteristics, facilitating secure and transparent identity verification. However, current blockchain-based cross-domain authentication schemes often lack a lightweight design, rendering them unsuitable for latency-sensitive and resource-constrained industrial environments. This paper proposes a lightweight cross-domain authentication scheme that combines blockchain with Chebyshev chaotic mapping. Unlike existing schemes relying heavily on Elliptic Curve Cryptography or bilinear pairing, our design circumvents such computationally intensive primitives entirely through the algebraic structure of Chebyshev polynomials. A formal security analysis using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model demonstrates the scheme’s robustness. Furthermore, performance evaluations conducted with Hyperledger Fabric and the MIRACL cryptographic library validate the method’s effectiveness and superiority over existing approaches in terms of both security and operational efficiency.
Keywords: Industrial Internet of Things; authentication; blockchain; Chebyshev chaotic maps Industrial Internet of Things; authentication; blockchain; Chebyshev chaotic maps

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhai, Z.; Liu, J.; Liu, X.; Mao, Y.; Zhang, X.; Ma, J.; Jin, C. A Lightweight Authentication Method for Industrial Internet of Things Based on Blockchain and Chebyshev Chaotic Maps. Future Internet 2025, 17, 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080338

AMA Style

Zhai Z, Liu J, Liu X, Mao Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Jin C. A Lightweight Authentication Method for Industrial Internet of Things Based on Blockchain and Chebyshev Chaotic Maps. Future Internet. 2025; 17(8):338. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080338

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhai, Zhonghao, Junyi Liu, Xinying Liu, Yanqin Mao, Xinjun Zhang, Jialin Ma, and Chunhua Jin. 2025. "A Lightweight Authentication Method for Industrial Internet of Things Based on Blockchain and Chebyshev Chaotic Maps" Future Internet 17, no. 8: 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080338

APA Style

Zhai, Z., Liu, J., Liu, X., Mao, Y., Zhang, X., Ma, J., & Jin, C. (2025). A Lightweight Authentication Method for Industrial Internet of Things Based on Blockchain and Chebyshev Chaotic Maps. Future Internet, 17(8), 338. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi17080338

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